Chapter Ten Language and the Computer
Chapter Ten Language and the Computer
1. Cal cal CALL CAI: computer-assisted instruction CAL: computer-assisted learning CALL: computer-assisted language learning Three phases of CALL ■ Behavioristic caLl Communicative caLl a Integrative CALL
1. CAI, CAL & CALL ◼ CAI: computer-assisted instruction ◼ CAL: computer-assisted learning ◼ CALL: computer-assisted language learning ◼ Three phases of CALL: ◼ Behavioristic CALL ◼ Communicative CALL ◼ Integrative CALL
1.1 BehavioristiC CALL Conceived in the 1950s and implemented in the1960sand’70s Based on the then dominant behaviorist theories of learning--repetitive language drills( drill and practice) The courseware is based on the model of computer as tutor, a vehicle for delivering instructional materials to the student
1.1 Behavioristic CALL ◼ Conceived in the 1950s and implemented in the 1960s and ’70s. ◼ Based on the then dominant behaviorist theories of learning--repetitive language drills (drill and practice). ◼ The courseware is based on the model of computer as tutor, a vehicle for delivering instructional materials to the student
The rationale Repeated exposure to the same material is beneficial or even essential to learning aA computer is ideal for carrying out repeated drills, since the machine does not get bored with presenting the same material and since it can provide immediate non-judgmental feedback A computer can present such material on an individualized basis, allowing students to proceed at their own pace and freeing up class time for other activities
The rationale ◼ Repeated exposure to the same material is beneficial or even essential to learning. ◼ A computer is ideal for carrying out repeated drills, since the machine does not get bored with presenting the same material and since it can provide immediate non-judgmental feedback. ◼ A computer can present such material on an individualized basis, allowing students to proceed at their own pace and freeing up class time for other activities
Based on these notions a number of call tutoring systems were developed for the mainframe computers which were used at that time. One of the most sophisticated of these was the Plato system, which ran on its own special PLATO hardware, including central computers and terminals. The plato system included vocabulary drills, brief grammar explanations and drills, and translations tests at various intervals
◼ Based on these notions, a number of CALL tutoring systems were developed for the mainframe computers which were used at that time. One of the most sophisticated of these was the PLATO system, which ran on its own special PLATO hardware, including central computers and terminals. The PLATO system included vocabulary drills, brief grammar explanations and drills, and translations tests at various intervals