6/15/2021UMTS Architecture (3G Rel 99)SS7PSTNMSGMSC52.5GPLMNAuCGSNN3GUERadio Resource Management aUEandRNCUMTsUnrersalMoblle1)Handover controlUEUserEquipment2Power controlRNCRadio Network Controlle3Admission controlUTRANUMTSTerrestrial RadioAcoAPacket schedulingNetwork6Code managementTarikTALEB202121UMTS Architecture (3G Rel 5)IP/ATMPSTN/CMGNMSCGMSCBSC2.5GMPSTN,ISDASS7ATMGhSGSNGGSRNC3GUEode:IPMultimedia SubSystem(IMS)@TarikTALEB20212211
6/15/2021 11 SS7 IP SGSN GGSN PSDN Gi Gn Gb Gc Gr Gs PCRF Gx Rx UMTS Architecture (3G Rel 99) PLMN MSC GMSC AuC PSTN, ISDN Um BSC Abis A EIR E PSTN B D VLR HLR/ HSS C H 2.5G MS BTS 3G UE RNC IuPS Iub IuCS Uu Node B UTRAN UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network UE User Equipment RNC Radio Network Controller UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication System Radio Resource Management at UE and RNC: 1) Handover control 2) Power control 3) Admission control 4) Packet scheduling 5) Code management © Tarik TALEB 2021 SS7 SGSN GGSN Gi Gn Gb Gc Gr Gs PCRF Gx Rx UMTS Architecture (3G Rel 5) IP/ATM MSC GMSC AuC Um BSC Abis A Nb/Nc PSTN B D VLR HLR/ HSS C H 2.5G MS BTS 3G UE RNC IuPS Iub IuCS Uu Node B ATM /IuCS /IuPS IP Multimedia Sub System (IMS) Gs PSDN PSTN, ISDN /CSMGW © Tarik TALEB 2021 21 22
6/15/2021Long Term Evolution23LTEFeatures&Requirements(1/2)“Alwayson"IPconnectivityAll-IPNetwork(AIPN)Providing economy of scaleand spectrumreuseSupporting full mobility and global roamingEnsuringseamless serviceacross differentradioaccessEfficiently interworking with non-3GPP accessesCompatible with legacy 3GPP networksEnsuringhighQosAffording high user data rates for both uplink and downlinkLower latencies in userdata and control planesSupporting diversemobilenetwork services,bothunicastandmulticastSystemwithreducedcost (CAPEXandOPEX)Reducednumberofnetworkelements-flatterarchitectureLess complexity in RAN and economic usage of backhaul capacity.SystemwithimprovedcapacityandcoverageUsage of the orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)Spectrum efficiency and reuse.Systemwithhighlevelof security@Tarik TALEB 20212412
6/15/2021 12 Long Term Evolution LTE Features & Requirements (1/2) • “Always on” IP connectivity • All-IP Network (AIPN) – Providing economy of scale and spectrum reuse – Supporting full mobility and global roaming – Ensuring seamless service across different radio access – Efficiently interworking with non-3GPP accesses – Compatible with legacy 3GPP networks – Ensuring high QoS – Affording high user data rates for both uplink and downlink – Lower latencies in user data and control planes – Supporting diverse mobile network services, both unicast and multicast • System with reduced cost (CAPEX and OPEX) – Reduced number of network elements – flatter architecture – Less complexity in RAN and economic usage of backhaul capacity • System with improved capacity and coverage – Usage of the orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) – Spectrum efficiency and reuse • System with high level of security © Tarik TALEB 2021 23 24
6/15/2021Key Features/Requirements (2/2)SimpleprotocolarchitectureSharedchannelbasedPSmodeonlywithVolPcapability(NoCS)SimpleArchitectureeNodeBastheonlyE-UTRANnodeFully meshedapproachwith tunnelingmechanismoverIPtransportnetworkluFlexapproachSmallernumberofRANinterfaces(S1)eNodeB→MME/SAE-GatewayeNodeB→eNodeB (X2)Compatibilityand inter-workingwithearlier3GPPReleasesInter-workingwithothersystems,e.g.cdma2000FDDandTDDwithinasingleradioaccesstechnologyEfficientMulticast/BroadcastSinglefrequencynetworkbyOFDMSupportofSelf-OrganizingNetwork(SON)operation3GPP TS 22.278 Tech. Spec., Service Requirements for@TarikTALEB2021Evolution of the 3GPP System, Stage 1,Release 8,"June 200825ArchitecturalAspectsofEPC·3GPPaccessesnon-3GPPaccesses-Untrusted non-3GPP·Requirementforaspecialgateway(evolvedPacketDataGateway)forasecureaccessof UEtoEPC-Trustednon-3GPP·ePDGnotrequired@TarikTALEB20212613
6/15/2021 13 Key Features/Requirements (2/2) • Simple protocol architecture – Shared channel based – PS mode only with VoIP capability (No CS) • Simple Architecture – eNodeB as the only E-UTRAN node – Fully meshed approach with tunneling mechanism over IP transport network – Iu Flex approach – Smaller number of RAN interfaces • eNodeB ➔ MME/SAE-Gateway (S1) • eNodeB ➔ eNodeB (X2) • Compatibility and inter-working with earlier 3GPP Releases • Inter-working with other systems, e.g. cdma2000 • FDD and TDD within a single radio access technology • Efficient Multicast/Broadcast – Single frequency network by OFDM • Support of Self-Organizing Network (SON) operation 3GPP TS 22.278 Tech. Spec., “Service Requirements for Evolution of the 3GPP System, Stage 1, Release 8,” June 2008 © Tarik TALEB 2021 Architectural Aspects of EPC • 3GPP accesses • non-3GPP accesses – Untrusted non-3GPP • Requirement for a special gateway (evolved Packet Data Gateway) for a secure access of UE to EPC – Trusted non-3GPP • ePDG not required © Tarik TALEB 2021 25 26
6/15/2021EPSfor3GPPAccessesPDNGW:IPaddressallocation,chargingandenforcesQoSServingGW:Localmobilityanchorforintra-3GPPHOMME:Mobilitymanagemententityforintra-3GPPmobility,paging,authentication,bearermanagement,etc.PCRF:QoS and charging rule provisioningVPLMNHPLMNUTRANSGSNHSSGERANSS6a3GPPAccessPCRFMME512GxC-Gx51-MMES11510SGi55PDNServingUEketDataNlnRGatewayGateway.M5.P55eS1-ULTE-UUOGTP InterfacePCC InterfaceGTP.orPMIPInterfaceTarik TALEB202127EPSfor3GPPAccessesPDNGW:IPaddressallocation,chargingandenforcesQoSServingGW:Localmobilityanchorforintra-3GPPHOMME:Mobilitymanagemententityforintra-3GPPmobility,paging,authentication,bearermanagement,etc.PCRF:QoSandchargingruleprovisioningVPLMNHPLMNUTRANSGSNISSGERA56a3GPPPCRFAccess63GPPAccessSGi55ServingPDNE-UTRAUEg.IMSePslcesGatewayGatewayLTE-UUGTP InterfaceGTPorPMIP InterfacePCC Interface@TarikTALEB20212814
6/15/2021 14 PCRF Gx Rx Gxc 3GPP Access EPS for 3GPP Accesses • PDN GW: IP address allocation, charging and enforces QoS • Serving GW: Local mobility anchor for intra-3GPP HO • MME: Mobility management entity for intra-3GPP mobility, paging, authentication, bearer management, etc. • PCRF: QoS and charging rule provisioning SGi S1-MME Packet Data Network (e.g. IMS, PSS etc.) S10 UE LTE-Uu S11 Serving S5 Gateway PDN Gateway S1-U S12 S3 SGSN S4 UTRAN GERAN GTP Interface MME S6a HSS VPLMN HPLMN GTP or PMIP Interface E-UTRAN PCC Interface Control Plane Data Plane © Tarik TALEB 2021 3GPP Access EPS for 3GPP Accesses • PDN GW: IP address allocation, charging and enforces QoS • Serving GW: Local mobility anchor for intra-3GPP HO • MME: Mobility management entity for intra-3GPP mobility, paging, authentication, bearer management, etc. • PCRF: QoS and charging rule provisioning S12 S3 SGSN S4 UTRAN GERAN GTP Interface SGi Operator's IP Services (e.g. IMS, PSS etc.) PCRF Gx Rx Serving S5 Gateway PDN Gateway S6a HSS VPLMN HPLMN GTP or PMIP Interface S1-MME S10 UE LTE-Uu S11 S1-U MME E-UTRAN PCC Interface SGi PCRF Gx S6a HSS Operator's IP Services (e.g. IMS, PSS etc.) Rx Serving S5 Gateway PDN Gateway 3GPP Access © Tarik TALEB 2021 27 28
6/15/2021PDN Gateway FunctionsaMME51-MMES11510OpeneseUEE-UTRANGatewayIMS,PSSetc.S1-UeaLTE-Uu-UEIPaddressallocationUE data anchoringPeruser packet filtering-Lawful interception-Transport level packetmarking·Service level charging·Service level gating control-Rate enforcementbased on·Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate for an APN-Accumulated Maximum Bit Rates of theaggregate of service data flows with the sameguaranteed bit rate·DHCPv4&DHCPv6functions-Up/DownlinkbearerbindingGTP-based-Uplink bearer binding verification55-IP neighborhood detectionTarik TALEB202129ServingGatewayFunctionseaMME51-MMES11510erator'sSGiPDNS5ServingUEE-UTRANTGatewayGatewayee.g. IM5, PSS etc.S1-ULTE-UU· PMIPv6 MAG functionality· Inter-eNB handover· Downlink packet buffering in idle mode·Service Request Lawful Interception·Packet routing and forwarding· Up/Downlink packet marking·Accounting for inter-operator charging·Up/Downlink charging@TarikTALEB20213015
6/15/2021 15 PDN Gateway Functions SGi S1-MME Operator's IP Services (e.g. IMS, PSS etc.) S10 UE LTE-Uu S11 Serving S5 Gateway PDN Gateway S1-U MME E-UTRAN Control Plane Data Plane • UE IP address allocation • UE data anchoring • Per user packet filtering • Lawful interception • Transport level packet marking • Service level charging • Service level gating control • Rate enforcement based on • Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate for an APN • Accumulated Maximum Bit Rates of the aggregate of service data flows with the same guaranteed bit rate • DHCPv4 & DHCPv6 functions • Up/Downlink bearer binding • Uplink bearer binding verification • IP neighborhood detection GTP-based S5 © Tarik TALEB 2021 Serving Gateway Functions SGi S1-MME Operator's IP Services (e.g. IMS, PSS etc.) S10 UE LTE-Uu S11 Serving S5 Gateway PDN Gateway S1-U MME E-UTRAN Control Plane Data Plane • PMIPv6 MAG functionality • Inter-eNB handover • Downlink packet buffering in idle mode • Service Request • Lawful Interception • Packet routing and forwarding • Up/Downlink packet marking • Accounting for inter-operator charging • Up/Downlink charging © Tarik TALEB 2021 29 30