Medicine Alexander Flemin and Howard Florey ng, Ernst Chain Fleming won worldwide acclaim and a knighthood for his 1928 discovery of the bacteria-killing effect of Penicillium notatum, but it took another 15 years of effort by many other esearchers to produce a drug that could be produced in sufficient quantities to cure human infection Chain. who had fled Hitler,'s Germany for England, snccessfully extracted the active properties of the mold Florey, an Australian and chair of pathology at Oxford, commissioned Andrew Mover and Kenneth Raper of the U.S. Department of Agriculture Lab in Peoria, Illinois, to find a way to mass produce penicillin in time to aid the war effort
抗菌素的发现－治疗学的革命
善良的苏格兰农夫从粪池救出一个小男孩,男孩的绅士父 亲酬谢,农夫谢绝。绅士说:让我们签个协议,我带走你 的孩子,给他最好的教育,农夫允诺。农夫的孩子后来发 明了青霉素,获得诺贝尔奖。数年后,绅士的儿子得了肺 炎,青霉素治好了他。这两个孩子分别是弗莱明和丘吉 尔
抗菌素的发现一治疗学的革命 ◆1943年俄裔美国微生物学家瓦克 斯曼在鉴定了1万多种土壤微生物后 发现对能杀伤结核菌的灰链霉菌产物 链霉素( Streptomycin) 链霉素的发现使结核病这一“白色 瘟疫”不再是不治之症了 Selman Waksman Streptomyces Streptomycin 1888-1973
抗菌素的发现－治疗学的革命 1943年俄裔美国微生物学家瓦克 斯曼在鉴定了1万多种土壤微生物后 发现对能杀伤结核菌的灰链霉菌产物 －链霉素（Streptomycin) 链霉素的发现使结核病这一“白色 瘟疫”不再是不治之症了 Selman Waksman Streptomyces Streptomycin 1888-1973
062 M edicine selman Abraham Waksman Working from his laboratory at Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Waksman used his background in microbiology to isolate a number of antibiotics from soil samples. including actinomycin, clavacin, streptothricin streptomycingrisein, neomycin, fradicin, candicidin, and candidin. Streptomycin was the first antibiotic found to be effective against tuberculosis, Other research included study of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes and the transformation of nitrogen and carbon compounds Waksman, in fact, coined the term " antibiotic"for substances of microbial origin
抗菌素的发现一治疗学的革命 ◇青霉素和链霉素发现以后,在土壤中又相继分 离出氯霉素、土霉素、四环素、红霉素等;到 1960年代发现的抗菌素已有600多种。 ●由于抗菌素的发现和应用,严重的细菌感染再 不是不治之症。人类的平均期望寿命大约增加 了10岁,产生了疾病治疗学上的革命。 ◆耐药菌株的出现带来的难题“道高亠尺,魔高 丈
抗菌素的发现－治疗学的革命 青霉素和链霉素发现以后，在土壤中又相继分 离出氯霉素、土霉素、四环素、红霉素等；到 1960年代发现的抗菌素已有600多种。 由于抗菌素的发现和应用，严重的细菌感染再 不是不治之症。人类的平均期望寿命大约增加 了10岁，产生了疾病治疗学上的革命。 耐药菌株的出现带来的难题“道高一尺，魔高 一丈