Q NTNU/XUAT Postgraduate course 21.05.02-31.05.02 Wastewater as a resource WATER RESOURCES AND WATER TREA TMENT IN SCANDINAVIA NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology Prof Hallvard odegaard Dep Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering
NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology Dep. Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering Prof. Hallvard Ødegaard NTNU/XUAT Postgraduate course 21.05.02-31.05.02: Wastewater as a resource WATER RESOURCES AND WATER TREATMENT IN SCANDINAVIA
Sweden MAP OF SCANDINAVIA Scandinavia consists of the countries: Norwegian Sea .Norway ° Sweden Denmark W The Nordic countries also Bothnia includes: ISLANDS Finland ESTONIA iceland The countries are situated far north(55-70 oN), but the Golf stream gives a pleasant climate NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology Prof Hallvard odegaard Dep Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering
NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology Dep. Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering Prof. Hallvard Ødegaard MAP OF SCANDINAVIA Scandinavia consists of the countries : •Norway •Sweden •Denmark The Nordic countries also includes : •Finland •Iceland The countries are situated far north (55-70 oN), but the Golf stream gives a pleasant climate
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SCANDIN. COUNTRIES Norway ( Japan) Sweden Denmark Population 4.3 mill (125 8.7 mill 5. 3 mill Area(103 km2) 324 (400) 450 43 ty (325) 123 (cap/km2) opography Mountainous, very long Large low-land area Very flat coast line Large woods River Many medium and large- Many medium and large- Very few -small sized sized sized Lakes Many- most small and Many- some lare ge sized Very few -very small and medium sized shallow Fjords Many-very long and very Few and small -however Very few-wide and shallow Baltic s Important Oil, fishing pulp and Pulp and paper, car, mining Food industries industries paper,metallurgI(al) NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology Prof Hallvard odegaard Dep Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering
NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology Dep. Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering Prof. Hallvard Ødegaard GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SCANDIN. COUNTRIES Norway (Japan) Sweden Denmark Population Area (103 km2) Pop. Density (cap/km2) 4,3 mill (125) 324 (400) 13 (325) ~ 8,7 mill 450 19 ~ 5.3 mill 43 123 Topography Rivers Lakes Fjords Mountainous, very long coast line Many medium and largesized Many – most small and medium sized Many – very long and very deep Large low-land area, Large woods Many medium and largesized Many – some large sized Few and small – however Baltic Sea Very flat Very few - small sized Very few – very small and shallow Very few – wide and shallow Important industries Oil, fishing, pulp and paper, metallurgi (Al) Pulp and paper, car, mining Food industries
DRINKING WATER SITUATION IN THE SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES Norway Sweden Denmark Drinking water Surface water 90% 50% 1% ground water 10% 50 %(25 infiltr 99% Typical drinking Humic substances, The same but also High hardness water characteristics very soft, low high Ca, Fe and Mn high Fe/Mn alkalinity, low pH in many waters nitrate, pesticide Typical drinking water HS removal Turbidity and Hs Fe/Mn-removal treatment corrosion control, removal, corrosion disinfection disinfection control, disinfection Dominating drinking HS: Coagulation/ Traditiona Aeration, Fe/Mn- water treatment direct filtration, coagulation/flocc. precipitation methods membrane filtr,sedim/filtration chlorination a/CO2-addition,Ca/CO2-addition Chlorination or U Chlorination Water consumption w250 1/capd w 150 1/capd c 150/capd NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology Prof Hallvard odegaard Dep Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering
NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology Dep. Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering Prof. Hallvard Ødegaard DRINKING WATER SITUATION IN THE SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES Norway Sweden Denmark Drinking water Surface water Ground water 90 % 10 % 50 % 50 % (25 % infiltr.) 1 % 99 % Typical drinking water characteristics Humic substances, very soft, low alkalinity, low pH The same but also high Ca, Fe and Mn in many waters High hardness, high Fe/Mn, nitrate, pesticide Typical drinking water treatment HS removal, corrosion control, disinfection Turbidity and HSremoval, corrosion control, disinfection Fe/Mn-removal, disinfection Dominating drinking water treatment methods HS:Coagulation/- direct filtration, membrane filtr., Ca/CO2-addition, Chlorination or UV Traditional coagulation/flocc./ sedim./filtration, Ca/CO2-addition, Chlorination Aeration, Fe/Mnprecipitation, chlorination Water consumption ~ 250 l/cap.d ~ 150 l/cap.d ~ 150 l/cap.d
DRINKING WATER SITUATION II orway Sweden Denmark No of water works 1600 2100 2900 5 erving(%° f popu) 77% 89 92 Private wells 23% 11% 8 Water supply network 34.500km 66.100km Iron/stee 39 58% 36 PVC/PE/GUP 48% 35% 48% Asbestos 9% 8% Other 4% 7 8% 1100 NOK/inhb yr 15.700 yen/inb.yr Consumer cost 5 NOK/m3 7 DKK/m 67 yen/m 110 yen/mi Energy consumption 0.4 kWh/m NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology Prof Hallvard odegaard Dep Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering
NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology Dep. Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering Prof. Hallvard Ødegaard DRINKING WATER SITUATION II Norway Sweden Denmark No of water works Serving (% of popul) Private wells 1600 77 % 23 % 2100 89 % 11 % 2900 92 % 8 % Water supply network Iron/Steel PVC/PE/GUP Asbestos Other 34.500 km 39 % 48 % 9 % 4 % 66.100 km 58 % 35 % 7 % - 36 % 48 % 8 % 8 % Cost Consumer cost Energy consumption 1100 NOK/inhb.yr 15.700 yen/ihb.yr 5 NOK/m3 67 yen/m3 7 DKK/m3 110 yen/m3 0,4 kWh/m3