Reading 1 Text exploration ●Sentence structure: The "pretending..."part is a participle clause.In English,present participles can be used to shorten or combine active clauses that have the same subject in order to put a lot of information into one sentence. Being a adjoint adverbial,it can replace "and"in sentences with two main (coordinated)clauses,so"pretending"replaces"and pretend"in this sentence. 新编大学英语（第四版）综合教程Unit1
Reading 1 新编大学英语（第四版） 综合教程 Unit 1 • Sentence structure: The “pretending… ” part is a participle clause. In English, present participles can be used to shorten or combine active clauses that have the same subject in order to put a lot of information into one sentence. Being a adjoint adverbial, it can replace “and” in sentences with two main (coordinated) clauses, so “pretending” replaces “and pretend” in this sentence. Text exploration
Reading 1 Text exploration A present participle clause can express: an action that happens at the same time as the action in the main clause: e.g.Tom lost his keys(while)walking through the park.(Tom lost his keys while he was walking through the park.) The participle clause can come first in literary styles: e.g.(While)walking through the park,Tom lost his keys. an action that happens just before another action: e.g.Opening the envelope,I found two concert tickets.(I opened the envelope and I found two concert tickets.) 新编大学英语（第四版）综合教程Unit1
Reading 1 新编大学英语（第四版） 综合教程 Unit 1 A present participle clause can express: • an action that happens at the same time as the action in the main clause: e.g. Tom lost his keys (while) walking through the park. (Tom lost his keys while he was walking through the park.) • The participle clause can come first in literary styles: e.g. (While) walking through the park, Tom lost his keys. • an action that happensjust before another action: e.g. Opening the envelope, I found two concert tickets. (I opened the envelope and I found two concert tickets.) Text exploration
Reading 1 Text exploration an action that is the result of another action: e.g.Moments later a bomb exploded,leaving three people dead and twelve others injured. a reason for the action in the main clause: e.g.Having nothing left to do,Paula went home.(Since Paula had nothing left to do,she went home.) 新编大学英语（第四版）综合教程Unit1
Reading 1 新编大学英语（第四版） 综合教程 Unit 1 • an action that is the result of another action: e.g. Moments later a bomb exploded, leaving three people dead and twelve others injured. • a reason for the action in the main clause: e.g. Having nothing left to do, Paula went home. (Since Paula had nothing left to do, she went home.) Text exploration
Reading 1 Text exploration Perfect participle clauses If we want to make it clear that an action happens before another one,we use a perfect participle for the earlier action: e.g.Having washed the car,I noticed a small scratch on the front right fender. If the two actions do not follow each other immediately or if the first action happens over a period of time,we use a perfect participle instead of a present participle for the earlier action: e.g.Having seen the film before,I didn't want to go to the cinema. 新编大学英语（第四版）综合教程Unit1
Reading 1 新编大学英语（第四版） 综合教程 Unit 1 Perfect participle clauses • If we want to make it clear that an action happens before another one, we use a perfect participle for the earlier action: e.g. Having washed the car, I noticed a small scratch on the front right fender. • If the two actions do not follow each other immediately or if the first action happens over a period of time, we use a perfect participle instead of a present participle for the earlier action: e.g. Having seen the film before, I didn't want to go to the cinema. Text exploration
Reading 1 Text exploration -Other time relations,when used with an appropriate conjunction. e.g.Before being shown around,we were welcomed by the principal Wear protective gloves when using this equipment. After finishing his speech,he took a sip of water. On arriving,you will find someone waiting for you While traveling to work,she usually reads a novel. She has been much happier since changing schools. 新编大学英语（第四版）综合教程Unit1
Reading 1 新编大学英语（第四版） 综合教程 Unit 1 -Other time relations, when used with an appropriate conjunction. e.g. Before being shown around, we were welcomed by the principal. Wear protective gloves when using this equipment. After finishing his speech, he took a sip of water. On arriving, you will find someone waiting for you. While traveling to work, she usually reads a novel. She has been much happier since changing schools. Text exploration