传多样性 True and heritable differences in genes (DNA sequences) between organisms J Consider 1. Morphological diversity 2. Physiological diversity 3. Metabolic diversity 4. Genetic diversity 1, 2, 3 can all be manifested at the genetic le vel, and many times are Genotypic differences(true genetic differences) However,, 2.3 can also result from differen t patterns of gene expression Phenotypic differences(observable traits
遗传多样性 ▪ True and heritable differences in genes (DNA sequences) between organisms ▪ Consider: 1. Morphological diversity 2. Physiological diversity 3. Metabolic diversity 4. Genetic diversity ▪ 1, 2, 3 can all be manifested at the genetic le vel, and many times are ▪ Genotypic differences (true genetic differences) ▪ However, 1, 2, 3 can also result from differen t patterns of gene expression ▪ Phenotypic differences (observable traits)
微生物多样性评价 从多个方面 Morphological diversity 2. Physiological diversit 3. Metabolic diversity 4. Genetic diversity 需要多种新的方法
微生物多样性评价 ▪ 从多个方面 1. Morphological diversity 2. Physiological diversity 3. Metabolic diversity 4. Genetic diversity ▪ 需要多种新的方法
形态学评价 Cell morphology Size and shape of cells Inclusions(e. g. endospores) Numbers and distribution of appendages Measured by light micros copy, e microscopy Special or differential stains(e.g. Gram stain) are often use Colony morphology As done in lab exercise Can characterize based on size, shape, color, outline, eleva tion, refractility, other features
形态学评价 ▪ Cell morphology – Size and shape of cells – Inclusions (e.g. endospores) – Numbers and distribution of appendages – Measured by light microscopy, e- microscopy ▪ Special or differential stains (e.g. Gram stain) are often use d ▪ Colony morphology – As done in lab exercise ▪ Can characterize based on size, shape, color, outline, eleva tion, refractility, other features
生理学评价 Examine biological parameters under a v ariety of conditions Activity Growth(doubling time) Survival(persistence) Community diversity Commonly assessed parameters Temperature, pH, oXygen requirements, hal tolerance, antibiotic/metal resistance
生理学评价 ▪ Examine biological parameters under a v ariety of conditions – Activity – Growth (doubling time) – Survival (persistence) – Community diversity ▪ Commonly assessed parameters: – Temperature, pH, oxygen requirements, hal otolerance, antibiotic/metal resistance
代谢和生化评价 Determine ranges of carbon sources used Determine redox couples(electron donors and acceptors) used for metabolism Measure products formed CO evolution from aerobes Gases produced by fermenters Products from partial metabolism Toxic waste products
代谢和生化评价 ▪ Determine ranges of carbon sources used ▪ Determine redox couples (electron donors and acceptors) used for metabolism ▪ Measure products formed – CO2 evolution from aerobes – Gases produced by fermenters – Products from partial metabolism – Toxic waste products