today. s newspaper(令天的报纸), ten minutes break(分钟的课 间休息), China s population(中国的人口) (4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词一般均可用介词叶f短语来表示 所有关系。如 a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿) 2、[解] ①'s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺如: my aunt's我阿姨家),the doctor’s(诊所 ②两人共有某物时可以采用 A and e's的形式如: Lucy and lily's bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室) “of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词称为双重所有格如: a friend of my fathers(我父亲的一位朋友), a friend of mine我的一位朋友) 4、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题 1、谓语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致即:主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词 时,谓语动词用单数形式:如: The computer was a great invention计算机是个了不起的发明 The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷) 2、集体名词(如 family, class,team, group, row, police, school等)做句 子主语时, ④如果表示整体概念则谓语用单数形式如: Class three is a very good class(三班是好班) 第6页,总共143页
第 6页,总共 143页 today’s newspaper(今天的报纸), ten minutes’ break(十分钟的课 间休息), China’s population(中国的人口). (4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示 所有关系。如: a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿). 2、[注解]: ① ‘s 还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如:my aunt’s(我阿姨家), the doctor’s(诊所) ② 两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and B’s 的形式,如:Lucy and Lily’s bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室) ③“of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如:a friend of my father’s(我父亲的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友) 4、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题: 1、谓语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即:主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词 时 , 谓 语 动 词 用 单 数 形 式 : 如 : The computer was a great invention.(计算机是个了不起的发明)The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷) 2、集体名词(如 family, class, team, group, row, police, school 等)做句 子主语时, 1 如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如:Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班)
Q如果表示其中的所有成员时则谓语用复数形式如: Class three have a map of china三 班有张中国地图) 3、 Chinese, Japanese,fish, sheep, people等表示单个时谓语用单数表示 许多时谓语用复数。如: There is a sheep in the yard.院子里有只绵 羊)/ There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些绵羊) 4、 maths,news等虽然有s结尾但不是复数因此谓语仍用单数: The news is very exciting.这个消息令人兴奋) 5、 glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名词往往用复数形式故谓语 用复数。如: The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them 很便宜我想买) 6、 a lot of后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形 式。如: A lot of students are playing baseball now.(现在有许多 学生在打垒球) a lot of time was wasted on that work(大量的时 间花在了那个工作上)(被动句) 7、and连接两个名词做主语时谓语原则上用复数但是两个名词若构成一个 整体事物时谓语则用单数。如: The teacher and his son are picking apples now.(老师和他的儿子在摘苹果)/ Fish and chips is very famous food.(鱼和薯条是一种出名的食品) 8、 there be句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。如: There is a table and four chairs in the roon.(房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子) 第7页,总共143页
第 7页,总共 143页 2 如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如:Class Three have a map of China.(三 班有张中国地图) 3、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people 等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示 许多时,谓语用复数。如:There is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只绵 羊) / There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些绵羊) 4、maths, news 等虽然有 s 结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数:The news is very exciting. (这个消息令人兴奋) 5、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves 等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语 用复数。如: The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(裤子 很便宜,我想买) 6、a lot of 后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形 式。如:A lot of students are playing baseball now.(现在有许多 学生在打垒球) A lot of time was wasted on that work.(大量的时 间花在了那个工作上)(被动句) 7、and 连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数,但是两个名词若构成一个 整体事物时,谓语则用单数。如:The teacher and his son are picking apples now.(老师和他的儿子在摘苹果) / Fish and chips is very famous food. (鱼和薯条是一种出名的食品) 8、 there be 句型中 be 的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。如:There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子)
9、用both…and.连接两个事物做主语时谓语般用复数。如: Both you and i are required to be here tomorrow:(你和我明天要求都来 10、主语中含有with的短语时谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定。如:A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road.(一名妇女带着一个七岁的孩子(当时)就站在路边〕 1、 either.or.或者 neither.nor.连接两个人物做句子主语时谓语采用 就近原则。如: Either you or he is right要么是你对要么是他对。/ 你和他有一个人是对的)/ Neither you nor I am going there.(你和我都不打算去那里) 12、表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时谓语般用单数。如:Two months is not a short time(两个月不是个短时间) Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance(距离).两干千米是相当长的一段 距离) 13、主语中含有 half of!/( three quarters)of./a!(of)the…等词语 时,谓语的单复数由名词确定,如: Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English因特网上四分之三以上的 信息是用英语写的)/ a third of the students were playing near the lake(学生的三分之一(当时)正在湖边玩耍)/ all of the water in these rivers has been polluted、这些河流中的水已经被污染了)被动句) 但是, population一词又有特殊情况:What' s the population of China?(中国人口是多少?)(句子用单数)/ Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs(阿拉伯人(这个城市四分之三的人 第8页,总共143页
第 8页,总共 143页 9、用 both…and…连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。如:Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.(你和我明天要求都来) 10、主语中含有 with 的短语时,谓语单复数由 with 之前的人物决定。如:A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road. (一名妇女带着一个七岁的孩子(当时)就站在路边) 11、either…or…或者 neither…nor…连接两个人物做句子主语时,谓语采用 就近原则。如:Either you or he is right.(要么是你对,要么是他对。/ 你 和 他 有 一 个 人 是 对 的 ) / Neither you nor I am going there.(你和我都不打算去那里) 12、表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时,谓语一般用单数。如:Two months is not a short time.(两个月不是个短时间)Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance(距离).(两千千米是相当长的一段 距离) 13、主语中含有 half of… / (three quarters)of… / all (of) the ….等词语 时 , 谓 语 的 单 复 数 由 名 词 确 定 , 如 : Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.(因特网上四分之三以上的 信息是用英语写的) / A third of the students were playing near the lake.(学生的三分之一(当时)正在湖边玩耍) / All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.(这些河流中的水已经被污染了)(被动句) 但 是 ,population 一 词 又 有 特 殊 情 况 : What’s the population of China?(中国人口是多少?)(句子用单数) / Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs(阿拉伯人).(这个城市四分之三的人
口是阿拉伯人)(句子用复数) 5、部分名词用法辨析: 1、 sport、game、 match、race的区别: sport通常指“户外运动”, 以锻炼为主概念较大;game意思是“运动、比赛”,不管户内户外还是 脑力体力指以胜负为主的运动; match意为“竞赛、比赛”,多指正式比 赛;race主要表示“赛跑、赛马赛车”。如: People all around the world enjoy sports(全世界的人都喜爱运动)/The2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing(2008奥运会将在北京举行)被动句)/Our school football! team won the league match(联赛)、我们学校足球队 取得了联赛冠军)/ They were strong and won the boat race(汤他 们很棒嬴得了划艇比赛) 2、 festival、 holiday、 vacation的区别: festival“节日”指喜庆的日子或 持续一段时间的文娱活动; holiday(假日、休息日)指法定假日或风俗习惯 复数可以表示—个较长的假期; vacation“假期”指学习或工作中一段长 时间的休息。如: The Shanghai Television Festival will be held next month(上海电视节将在下个月举行)/ Sunday is a holiday and most people do not work.(星期天是个假日,多数人不工作)/ What are you going to do during the summer vacation/ holidays?(在暑期你打算 做什么事情?) 3、 journey、tour、trip、 travel的区别: journey指在陆地上(或海上或空 中进行的长途旅行不知终点含有辛苦的意思;tour指途中作短期逗留的 巡回旅行强调游览多处常用来指观光等;trip通常指往返定时的短途旅 第9页,总共143页
第 9页,总共 143页 口是阿拉伯人)(句子用复数) 5、部分名词用法辨析: 1、sport、game、match、race 的区别:sport 通常指“户外运动”, 以锻炼为主,概念较大;game 意思是“运动、比赛”,不管户内户外还是 脑力体力,指以胜负为主的运动;match 意为“竞赛、比赛”,多指正式比 赛;race 主要表示“赛跑、赛马、赛车”。如:People all around the world enjoy sports.(全世界的人都喜爱运动) / The 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing.(2008 奥运会将在北京举行)(被动句) / Our school football team won the league match(联赛).(我们学校足球队 取得了联赛冠军) / They were strong and won the boat race.(汤他 们很棒,赢得了划艇比赛) 2、festival、holiday、vacation 的区别:festival“节日”,指喜庆的日子或 持续一段时间的文娱活动;holiday(假日、休息日),指法定假日或风俗习惯, 复数可以表示一个较长的假期;vacation“假期”,指学习或工作中一段长 时间的休息。如:The Shanghai Television Festival will be held next month.(上海电视节将在下个月举行) / Sunday is a holiday and most people do not work.(星期天是个假日,多数人不工作) / What are you going to do during the summer vacation/holidays?(在暑期你打算 做什么事情?) 3、journey、tour、trip、travel 的区别:journey 指在陆地上(或海上或空 中)进行的长途旅行,不知终点,含有辛苦的意思;tour 指途中作短期逗留的 巡回旅行,强调游览多处,常用来指观光等;trip 通常指往返定时的短途旅
行如出差度假等; travel多指长期或长途的观光旅行,尤其指到国外没有 明确目的地也作不可数名词指旅行这一行为。如: He made up his mind to make the journey to dunhuang(他拿定主意要去敦煌旅 / He has gone on a walking tour:(他步行观光去了)/ He took several trips to Shanghai last yeaar:(去年他去了上海好几次)/Did you go to Santiago(圣地亚哥) during your travels?(旅行期间你去圣 地亚哥了吗?)/ Travelling through thick forests is dangerous.(在 密林里边穿行是很危险的) 4、 sound、 noise、 voIce的区别: sound指各种声音; noise主要指“噪音"; voIce指人的“嗓音"。如: The noise of the street kept me awake in the night、街上的喧嚣声让我彻夜难眠)/ All of a sudden there was the sound of shots and a cry(突然间传来几声枪响和一声尖叫) The singer has lost her ringing voice as a result of a bad cold. (E 为感冒的缘故这个歌唱家失去了她银铃般的嗓音) 5、fish的问题:指许多条鱼且不管种类时用fish,单复数相同; fishes指许多 种类的鱼;fish指“鱼肉”时是不可数名词。如: There are many kinds of fishes in the pool..(池子里有很多种类的鱼) I prefer fish to meat与肉相比我更喜欢鱼) 三、代词 1、代词的分类:英语中代词分为:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、 关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等。 第10页,总共143页
第 10页,总共 143页 行,如出差度假等;travel 多指长期或长途的观光旅行,尤其指到国外,没有 明确目的地,也作不可数名词,指旅行这一行为。如:He made up his mind to make the journey to Dunhuang.(他拿定主意要去敦煌旅 行)/ He has gone on a walking tour.(他步行观光去了) / He took several trips to Shanghai last yeaar.(去年他去了上海好几次) / Did you go to Santiago(圣地亚哥) during your travels?(旅行期间你去圣 地亚哥了吗?) / Travelling through thick forests is dangerous.(在 密林里边穿行是很危险的) 4、sound、noise、voice 的区别:sound 指各种声音;noise 主要指“噪音”; voice 指人的“嗓音”。如:The noise of the street kept me awake in the night.(街上的喧嚣声让我彻夜难眠) / All of a sudden there was the sound of shots and a cry.(突然间传来几声枪响和一声尖叫) / The singer has lost her ringing voice as a result of a bad cold.(因 为感冒的缘故,这个歌唱家失去了她银铃般的嗓音) 5、fish 的问题:指许多条鱼且不管种类时,用 fish,单复数相同;fishes 指许多 种类的鱼;fish 指“鱼肉”时是不可数名词。如:There are many kinds of fishes in the pool. (池子里有很多种类的鱼)/ I prefer fish to meat.(与肉相比我更喜欢鱼) 三、代词: 1、代词的分类:英语中代词分为:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、 关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等