Ill.Methods of X-ray examinationFoundationforX-rayexaminationNatural contrast: natural density differences in human tissuestructureArtificial contrast: For tissues or organs that lack natural contrast.substances with ahigher orlower density can be introduced tomakeartificialcontrastMethodsofX-rayexam：generalradiography（普通放射检查）；specialradiography（特殊检查）；contrastexamination（造影检查）
III. Methods of X-ray examination ◼ Foundation for X-ray examination ➢ Natural contrast：natural density differences in human tissue structure ➢ Artificial contrast：For tissues or organs that lack natural contrast, substances with a higher or lower density can be introduced to make artificial contrast. ◼ Methods of X-ray exam：general radiography (普通放射检查)； special radiography (特殊检查)；contrast examination (造影检查)
Generalradiographyimaging usingnaturalcontrastofhumanbodyHUANGNQADHOFluoroscopy（透视）Radiography（plainfilmX线摄影，平片）
◼ General radiography Fluoroscopy (透视) Radiography (plain film, Ｘ线摄影, 平片) ➢imaging using natural contrast of human body
specialradiographysoftx-rayradiography（软线摄影）：Usinga molybdenum（钼)orrhodium(）target (tungsten钨 target for ordinaryX-ray)to produce softX-ray with a longerwavelength for X-ray photography,mainlyfor breast examination,also calledmolybd-targetradiography（钼靶摄影）ormammography（乳腺摄影）
◼ special radiography ➢ soft x-ray radiography (软线摄影)：Using a molybdenum (钼) or rhodium(铑) target (tungsten钨target for ordinary X-ray) to produce soft X-ray with a longer wavelength for X-ray photography, mainly for breast examination, also called molybd-target radiography (钼靶摄影) or mammography (乳腺摄影)
ContrastexaminationContrast examination:The contrast media is introduced into the organ or itssurrounding spaceto produce artificial contrast for imagingContrastmedia：medicalbarium sulfate（医用硫酸）-gastroenterography；iodine(碘)-angiographyandurographyContrastintroductionpathwayDirectintroduction:oral-esophageal gastroenterographyinjection-barium enema,retrogradeurography;puncture-angiogramIndirectintroduction: excretion urography,also called intravenous pyelography(IVP)
◼ Contrast examination ➢ Contrast examination：The contrast media is introduced into the organ or its surrounding space to produce artificial contrast for imaging. ➢ Contrast media：medical barium sulfate (医用硫酸钡)-gastroenterography；iodine (碘)-angiography and urography ➢ Contrast introduction pathway ✓ Direct introduction: oral-esophageal gastroenterography; injection-barium enema, retrograde urography; puncture-angiogram ✓ Indirect introduction：excretion urography, also called intravenous pyelography(IVP)
CoronaryOralExcretionangiographyadministrationurographyof bariumRetrogradeBariumurographyenema
Oral administration of barium Barium enema Coronary angiography Excretion urography Retrograde urography