1.Definition B.Morphology NORMAL CANCER Large number of Cells are abnormal dividing cells and divide without Large,variable shaped control or order nuclei Small cytoplasmic volume relative to nuclei Variation in cell size and shape Loss of normal specialized cell features Disorganized arrangement of cells Poorly defined tumor boundary
Cells are abnormal and divide without control or order 1. Definition B. Morphology
1.Definition C.Metastasis Cancer can invade and Blood damage nearby tissues Vessel and organs. Cancer cells invade surrounding tissues and Cancer cells can break 2 vessels. Cancer cells are away from a malignant transported by the tumor and the circulatory system enter to distant sites. Cancer cells bloodstream or the reinvade and grow at new lymphatic system. location. Cancer spreads from the original cancer site to form new tumors in other organs.The spread of cancer is called metastasis
• Cancer can invade and damage nearby tissues and organs. • Cancer cells can break away from a malignant tumor and enter the bloodstream or the lymphatic system. 1. Definition C. Metastasis Cancer spreads from the original cancer site to form new tumors in other organs. The spread of cancer is called metastasis
1.Definition C.Metastasis When cancer spreads from its original location Brain to another part of the body,the new tumor has Melanoma cells travel through the same kind of abnormal bloodstream. cells and the same name as the primary tumor. Melanoma Liver (Initial tumor） e.g.,Melanoma黑色素瘤 cancer spreads to the brain,the cancer cells in the brain are actually melanoma cancer cells. The disease is called metastatic melanoma cancer (not brain cancer)
When cancer spreads from its original location to another part of the body, the new tumor has the same kind of abnormal cells and the same name as the primary tumor. e.g., Melanoma 黑色素瘤 cancer spreads to the brain, the cancer cells in the brain are actually melanoma cancer cells. The disease is called metastatic melanoma cancer (not brain cancer). 1. Definition C. Metastasis
2.Molecular Biology A.Background DNA Molecules Every human cell contains the Cell same DNA (with the exception of mature red blood cells, Nucleus which have no nucleus). Each human cell (with the exception of reproductive cells, 3 which have half of the DNA)has 46 molecules of double- stranded DNA. Chromosomes
DNA Molecules Every human cell contains the same DNA (with the exception of mature red blood cells, which have no nucleus). Each human cell (with the exception of reproductive cells, which have half of the DNA) has 46 molecules of doublestranded DNA. 2. Molecular Biology A. Background
2.Molecular Biology A.Background Chemical Bases in DNA DNA exists as two long,p paired strands spiraled into the famous double helix: ·Each strand is made up of millions of chemical building blocks called bases. Gene There are only four different chemical bases in DNA (Adenine, Thymine,Cytosine,and Guanine). DNA Molecule Chemical They can be arranged and Bases rearranged in countless ways. The order in which the bases occur determines the messages to be conveyed
• Each strand is made up of millions of chemical building blocks called bases. • There are only four different chemical bases in DNA ( Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine). • They can be arranged and rearranged in countless ways. • The order in which the bases occur determines the messages to be conveyed. Chemical Bases in DNA DNA exists as two long, paired strands spiraled into the famous double helix: 2. Molecular Biology A. Background