Operating Systems 1.3 The Operating System Zoo Mainframe operating systems(大型机OS) Server operating systems(服务器OS) Multiprocessor operating systems(多处理机OS) Personal computer operating systems(个人计算机OS) Real-time operating systems(实时OS) Embedded operating systems(嵌入式OS) G Smart card operating systems(智能卡OS) Gao Haichang, Software School, Xidian University 19
Operating Systems Gao Haichang , Software School, Xidian University 19 1.3 The Operating System Zoo Mainframe operating systems （大型机OS） Server operating systems （服务器OS） Multiprocessor operating systems （多处理机OS） Personal computer operating systems （个人计算机OS） Real-time operating systems （实时 OS） Embedded operating systems （嵌入式OS） Smart card operating systems （智能卡OS）
Operating Systems Distributed Systems Distribute the computation among several physical processors.(多个物 理机器) Loosely coupled system- each processor has its own local memory; processors communicate with one another through various communications lines, such as high-speed buses or telephone lines. (MA 耦合) g Advantages of distributed systems 口 Resources sharing w Computation speed up -load sharing a Reliability H Communications Gao Haichang, Software School, Xidian University 20
Operating Systems Gao Haichang , Software School, Xidian University 20 Distributed Systems Distribute the computation among several physical processors. （多个物 理机器） Loosely coupled system – each processor has its own local memory; processors communicate with one another through various communications lines, such as high-speed buses or telephone lines. （松 耦合） Advantages of distributed systems. Resources Sharing Computation speed up – load sharing Reliability Communications
Operating Systems Distributed Systems(Cont) G Network operating system: provides features such as file sharing across the network and that includes a communication scheme that allows different processes on different computer to exchange messages(网络操作系统) G Distributed operating system: different operating systems communicate closely to provide the illusion that there is onl y a single operating system controlling the network(分布式操作 系统) Gao Haichang, Software School, Xidian University
Operating Systems Gao Haichang , Software School, Xidian University 21 Distributed Systems (Cont.) Network operating system: provides features such as file sharing across the network,and that includes a communication scheme that allows different processes on different computer to exchange messages （网络操作系统） Distributed operating system: different operating systems communicate closely to provide the illusion that there is only a single operating system controlling the network（分布式操作 系统）
Operating Systems Parallel Systems Multiprocessor systems with more than one cpu in close communication (多处理器) r Tightly coupled system- processors share memory and a clock communication usually takes place through the shared memory. iK 耦合) g Advantages of parallelsystem: H Increased throughput 口 Economical a Increased reliability Gao Haichang, Software School, Xidian University 22
Operating Systems Gao Haichang , Software School, Xidian University 22 Parallel Systems Multiprocessor systems with more than one CPU in close communication. （多处理器） Tightly coupled system – processors share memory and a clock; communication usually takes place through the shared memory. （紧密 耦合) Advantages of parallel system: Increased throughput Economical Increased reliability
Operating Systems Parallel Systems(Cont) Symmetric multiprocessing(SMP射称多重处理 a Each processor runs an identical copy of the operating system i Many processes can run at once without performance deterioration iE H Most modern operating systems support SMP G Asymmetric multiprocessing H Each processor is assigned a specific task; master processor schedules and allocates work to slave processors a More common in extremely large systems, such as manage a disk system Gao Haichang, Software School, Xidian University 23
Operating Systems Gao Haichang , Software School, Xidian University 23 Parallel Systems (Cont.) Symmetric multiprocessing (SMP 对称多重处理) Each processor runs an identical copy of the operating system. Many processes can run at once without performance deterioration 退化. Most modern operating systems support SMP Asymmetric multiprocessing Each processor is assigned a specific task; master processor schedules and allocates work to slave processors. More common in extremely large systems,such as manage a disk system