12 Unit 1 Land,People and History 8.The prevailing wind is westerly ..extremes of wind and rain:主要风向是西风，大部分地区有强风和大雨。 9.microclimate:小气候。指森林、城市、洞穴等小块局部地区的气候，因其受到土壤、纬度、暴舞等因素的影 响而与周围环境有所不同。 I0.New Zealand's long isolation.lora and fauna:新西兰长期远离其他大陆板块，这使它得以形成独特的动、 植物群。f1ora:植物群，尤指某一地区或某一时期的植物群。faua:动物群，尤指某一地区或某一时期的动 物群。 11.Some62 million hectares of native forest ..forest parks:大约有620万公顷的原始森林保存了下来，国家公园 和森林公园的建文正式确认了这些森林的重要价值。 l2.Larger birds occupied the ecological places,the rest of the world:较大的鸟类古据了在澳大利亚由有袋动物 和在世界其他地区由哺乳动物占据的生态区。 13.The知atara is the most interesting,became extinct100 million years3a瞎o:斑点楔齿蜥是最有趣的，它是一种 爬行动物科中唯一生存下来的，该科里的其他种类已于一亿年前灭绝了。 l4.n1pL,the Resource Management Act,of its kind in the w0rld:资源管理法于1991年生效，它是世界上第 一个环境立法。 15.The environment is looked at as a whole...on the environment:环境作为一个整体来对待，重点是检查计划进 行的话动对环境将产生什么影响。 16.New Zealanders are keen,nationaly and internationally:新西兰人，无论在个人、国家还是国际的基础上都 积扳承担环保的责任。 17.Auckland,,where several cities combine,a quarter of the population:奥克兰由若干城市组成，构成新西兰的 最大城市区，居民占全国人口的4。 18.Around80%of New Zealanders ideatify..European ancestry:80%的新西兰人认为他们的祖先是欧洲人。 I9.There are more Niueans,Tokelauans and Cook Islanders.of origin:在新西兰的纽埃岛人、托克劳岛人和库 克岛人比这些地方的本地人还多。也就是说，以上岛屿的多数居民已移居新西兰。 20.New Zealand continnes to receive,prospective migrants:.新西兰继续受到未来移民者的关注。 21.Great Britain continues to provide,korea following:按国家算，来白英国的移民仍然最多，其次是韩画。 22.The Ministry of Maori Development works.resource development::毛利事务发展部帮助和支持毛利人在一些 关键领域取得或功，如健素、教育、培训、和经济开发等方面。 23.As well as the kohanga reo(Maori9 anguage nests")…of their ancestors:除了毛利语言学校和太平详岛中心， 其他学校和社区中心也举办夜校和周末班，使其他少数民族儿童能学习到他」祖先的语言及文化传统。 24.n New Zealand,religion is a matter of individual consciences:在新西兰，宗教是个人内心世界的一种选择。 conscience:良心，内心世界的思想和感情。 25.In New乙ealand,it is uulawful to discriminate on the grounds,or sexual orientation:在新西兰，以年龄、残 疾、就业情况、家庭状况、性别、婚姻状况、政治观点、种族成民族育景、宗教或民族信仰、性行为倾向等 为基础的歧视都是非法的。sexual orientation:这里指同性恋倾向。 26.On the advice of the Minister of Justice,breaches of these right:根据司法部长的建议，总督任命一名人权专 员和一名宗族关系调解员，通过教育与调解的途径促进人权，调查有关违反人权的投诉。 27.Measured in terms of edueation.is relatively high:以教育和就业、机会和平等权利、健康和个人安全、住房 和实际环境、休闲娱乐、工作生活质章和社会福利的提供等方面来衡章，新西兰的生活水平相对来说是较高 的。· 28.The Maori creation story tells of Ranginui,the parents of all the gods:毛利人的创世纪讲迷了天为父，地为 母的故事，他们是一切神的父母。 29.Storles of iris cleverness,,magic and trickery,as the discovery of fire:许多故事讲他如阿聪明，会度法，鬼点 子多，这些故事解释了自然历史上的许多因素，比如火是如何被发现的。 30.1 When Maul began fishing,.he used,his blood for bait:当Maui开始钓鱼时，他用祖母的下颌骨做成鱼钩。他 又把自己的鼻子打破，用鼻血做鱼饵
Unit 1 Land,People and History 13 3l.Genealogy traces the descent of a Maori individual,their present tribal groupiags in Aotearoa:宗族谱将毛利 人的祖先追湖到神仙，从神传到他们来自Hawaiki的祖先，他们乘独木舟横渡太平祥，来到他们部落现在居 住的绵长白云之国。 32.Today,it starts every All Blacks internatioual rugby match and is frequently televised worldwide:今天，新西 兰图家橄横球队每次进行国际比赛前都有毛利人的战争舞蹈表演，并经常通过电视向全球转播。A1Bcks是 新西兰国家微横队名。橄榄球是新西兰主要运动项目之一，新西兰西家橄横球队一直是世界强队。 33.Around the turn of the century,several Maori leaders.legal framework:在19世纪末和20世纪初，一些毛 利人领袖运用他们的法律知识与他们在议会中的地位，在非毛利人的法律框架中满足了一些毛利人的要求。 34.It also brought a Maori "protest movement''into the public eye:它同时也使毛利的“抗议运动”受到公众的 注意。eye:注意，监督，关注。 35.The Tribunal considers claims dating back,recommendations to Parliament:特别法庭负责审理1840年以后 的任何毛利人或毛利群体就有关怀唐伊条约方面提出的要求，并向议会提出建议。 36.Using the abundant natural resources..through generatlons,continued this:在利用丰常的自然资源作为食物 和进行贸易的同时，毛利人发展了丰富的文化，一代代传下来的口头传说使得这一文化得以继承下来。 37.In that year,over500 chiefs signod the Treaty of Waitangl,the British Crown:那一年，500多位部落首领签 定了杯唐伊条约，保留了对自然资源的所有权，但把统治的权力交给了英国国王。 38,Expanding state welfare from the130s.improved co蛆ditlons::从30年代后期开始的扩展国家福利制度 提高养老金、失业救济和疾病补贴、以及对医疗进行补贴一使情祝有所改春。 39.Another Maori renaissance began in the170s.and art revived once more:70年代，毛利人再次复兴到来了， 这次的重点是收复两代人之前失去的士地，这次的复兴使他们的语言、文化和艺术再次兴盛起来。renaissance:. 新生，再生，复兴。The Renaissance:(I4到l6世纪的)做洲文艺复兴。 40. From its settlement100 years ago,New Zealand ..a national identity of its own:l0O0年前人们来到这些岛屿， 现在新西兰已成为一个南太平洋文化和欧洲文化融合的、具有自己国家特性的独特国家。blnd:混合，交融 Exercises I.Decide wbether the following statements are true (T)or false (F): 1.New Zealand is made up of a large group of islands. 2.In size,New Zealand is similar to Japan plus the British Isles. 3.Most of New Zealanders live in cities and towns with more people living in the South Island than the North Island. 4.Maori people have given up their cultural tradition and have adopted many aspects of western life. 5.New Zealanders are keen to get involved in environmental protection._ 6.New Zealand was the first country in the world to give women the right to vote. 7.In New Zealand Christianity is the major religion. 8.New Zealand was settled 2 000 years ago by voyagers from East Polynesia. I.Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question: 1.The two main land masses in New Zealand are A.the White Island and the thermal region B.the North Island and the South [sland C.the Southern Alps and the North Island D.Auckland and the South Island
14 Unit 1 Land,People and History 2.New Zealanders have adopted their name from the kiwi, A.which is a native flightless bird B.which was the only mammal in New Zealand C.which was introduced to New Zealand about 1000 years ago D.which is an introduced flightless bird 3.Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to New Zealand's environmental achievement? A.Favourable geographic features B.Low population. C.A late development of industry. D.The ozone hole over Antarctica. 4.New Zealand's three largest ethnic groups in terms of population are A.New Zealanders with European ancestry,Chinese and Maori B.Maori,Indian and people from the Pacific Islands C.New Zealanders with European ancestry,Maori and people from the Pacific Islands D.People from the Pacific Islands,Maori and Chinese 5.Which of the following statements is not true about Maori population? A.Maori women tend to have more children than non-Maori women. B.Non-Maori women tend to have children earlier than Maori women. C.Maori population is younger than the total population. D.Maori population makes up nearly one-seventh of New Zealand's total population. 6.In the Maori language the word"Marae"means A.Maori culture B.non-Maori or European C.protocol D.meeting house 7.The first settlers of New Zealand were_ A.voyagers from East Polynesia B.European navigators C.sealers and whalers D.Christian missionaries 8.In1769. visited New Zealand and claimed it for Britain. A.Abel Tasman B.James Cook C.Christian missionaries D.sealers and whalers IⅡ.Fill in the blanks: 1.New Zealand is in the Ocean. is its nearest large neighbour. 2.Seasons in New Zealand are opposite to the _hemisphere,with the highest temperature in the months of January and February and the lowest temperature in the month of 3.There had been no except hats in New Zealand until about 1000 years ago.However,some remark- able species of flightless birds had occupied the land and some of them have survived to this day.Among them is the bird that has given New Zealanders their name since it is the national symbol of the country. 4.The official languages in New Zealand are and 5.New Zealand's long_ _from other landmasses has made possibla the evolution of unique flora and fauna
Unit 1 Land,People and History 15 6.In 1975.the was set up to receive complaints from Maori people and to address the mistakes made in the past by the European settlers. 7.The first settlers of New Zealand were from the ancestors of today's Maori. 8.In 1840,Maori chiefs signed the to keep their ownership of the natural resources,and in return,to give up the right to govern to the This treaty is still a major issue in the relationship between Maori and Pakeha. 9.New Zealand is keen to take environmental responsibility.In the mid-1980s,New Zealand was declared There are no nuclear power plants or weapons in New Zealand. 10.New Zealand has a national identity that mixes and cultures IV.Tell what you know about the following in your own words: 1.The kiwi 2.The Resource Management Act 3.Maoritanga 4.Maui 5.The North Island Questions for Consideration 1.What are some of the distinct features of New Zealand's geography?Find out similarities and differences in terms of geography between New Zealand and Australia. 2.What are the structural components of New Zealand's population?In what way are they related to New Zealand's history? 3.Discuss the Maori culture in New Zealand.Is it similar with the Aboriginal culture in Australia? 4.When did the first European navigators arrive in New Zealand?How did New Zealand evolve to what it is today? 5.How has New Zealand avoided the air,water and land pollution problems that other industrialized countries have? Key to Exercises Lk.T2.F3.F4.F5.T6.T7.T8.F L.1.B2.A3.D4.C5.B6.D7.A8.B III.1.Southwest Pacific,Australia 2.northern,July 3.land mammals,the kiwi 4.English,Maori 5.isolation 6.Waitangi Tribunal 7.East Polynesia 8.Treaty of Waitangi,British Crown
16 Unit 1 Land,People and History 9.nuclear-free 10.South Pacific,European IV.Sample answers: 1.The kiwi The kiwi is the name of one of the native birds in New Zealand.It is flightless.In colloquial English the Kiwi, capitalized,is also used to refer to a New Zealander 2.The Resource Management Act The Resource Management Act reflects New Zealanders'environmental awareness.Under the Act,laws govern- ing land,air and water resources are combined together to ensure the sustainable management of natural resources. It focuses on the effects of human activities on the whole environment as well.The Act came into force in 1991. With it,New Zealand leads the world in environmental legislation. 3.Maoritanga Maoritanga is the Maori word for"Maori culture."It refers to all the elements of the rich cultural heritage of the indigenous people in New Zealand,including their language,customs and traditions. 4.Maui Maui was a legendary hero of the Maori people.He was clever,magic and resourceful.He outwitted his elder brothers in a fishing trip and caught a great fish.It is helieved that the great fish he caught tumed into today's North Island of New Zealand. 5.The North Island The North Island is one of the three parts of New Zealand.It is famous for spectacular volcanoes and the thermal region.About three-quarters of New Zealand's population live on the North Island.Wellington,the national capi- tal,and Aukland,the country's largest city,are located on this island