2)Produce Honeydew Like other soft bodied insects such as leafhoppers,mealybugs,and soft scales, aphids produce honeydew.Copious amounts of honeydew,a sweet and watery excrement, may be produced.Honeydew serves as a medium on which sooty mold grows.Sooty mold blackens the leaf and decreases photosynthetic activity
2) Produce Honeydew Like other soft bodied insects such as leafhoppers, mealybugs, and soft scales, aphids produce honeydew. Copious amounts of honeydew, a sweet and watery excrement, may be produced. Honeydew serves as a medium on which sooty mold grows. Sooty mold blackens the leaf and decreases photosynthetic activity
3)Transmit viruses Aphids bring many plant diseases which cause substantially greater losses s than damage caused by their direct feeding.Both apterae (wingless)and alate (winged)aphids are able to transmit viruses
3) Transmit viruses Aphids bring many plant diseases which cause substantially greater losses than damage caused by their direct feeding. Both apterae (wingless) and alate (winged) aphids are able to transmit viruses
5.Aphid-.ant Coexist(蚜蚁共栖 Ant-aphid commensalisms were found a long time ago.The aphid's excrement,called honeydew and containing rich sugar and amino acids etc.,is a food favorable to ants.Ants'feeding on aphids' honeydew can increase aphids'feeding and reproduction.At the same time,the pollution from aphids'excrement is removed by ants'feeding, encouraging aphids to produce more excrement. Sometimes,ants can help aphids to expand their habitat(s).They can also help aphids drive out their,aphids',natural enemies
5. Aphid-ant Coexist (蚜蚁共栖 ) Ant-aphid commensalisms were found a long time ago. The aphid’s excrement, called honeydew and containing rich sugar and amino acids etc., is a food favorable to ants. Ants’ feeding on aphids’ honeydew can increase aphids’ feeding and reproduction. At the same time, the pollution from aphids’ excrement is removed by ants’ feeding, encouraging aphids to produce more excrement. Sometimes, ants can help aphids to expand their habitat(s). They can also help aphids drive out their, aphids’, natural enemies
5.Aphid-ant Coexist(蚜蚁共栖 Sometimes,ant-aphid 】commensalisms have specializations.One species of aphids co-exist with some fixed species of ants;or one species of ants often visit a few or a dozen fixed species of aphids. 蚜蚁共栖关系有专化现象， 一种蚜虫常与数种固定的蚂蚁 共栖；一种蚂蚁常访数种或十 多种固定的蚜虫
5. Aphid-ant Coexist (蚜蚁共栖 ) Sometimes, ant-aphid commensalisms have specializations. One species of aphids co-exist with some fixed species of ants; or one species of ants often visit a few or a dozen fixed species of aphids. 蚜蚁共栖关系有专化现象， 一种蚜虫常与数种固定的蚂蚁 共栖；一种蚂蚁常访数种或十 多种固定的蚜虫
II.Bionomics of Aphids 1.Distribution Mainly distributed in the northern temperate zone.Abundantly found in North America,Europe and mid-eastern Asia
Ⅱ. Bionomics of Aphids . Bionomics of Aphids 1. Distribution Mainly distributed in the northern temperate zone. Abundantly found in North America, Europe and mid-eastern Asia