Each stage contains three substations: an applicator where the fabric is impregnated with appropriate chemicals, a holding station which provides reaction time and temperature and finally a washing station for flushing out the impurities The equipment is designed for handling the fabric as a continuous rope or as an open width sheet. An open width range needs more sophisticated equipment such edge guide rollers, fabric spreadersand steam chambers to keep the fabric flat and smooth A rope range need not be as sophisticated 1. Continuous Rope ange Figure 5 shows the schematic of a rope range. This drawing only include scouring and bleaching stages. Each stage contains a saturator, J-box and rope washers Figure 5. Schematic of a Continuous Rope range cloth to Jbox 」-box The heart of a rope range is the J-box which is detailed in figure 6. The saturated fabric is plaited into the top leg of the j and feeds by gravity out through the lower leg. The size of the J-box depends on the dwell time and the speed of the range. These boxes are usually jacketed and steam heated
Each stage contains three substations: an applicator where the fabric is impregnated with appropriate chemicals, a holding station which provides reaction time and temperature and finally a washing station for flushing out the impurities. The equipment is designed for handling the fabric as a continuous rope or as an open width sheet. An open width range needs more sophisticated equipment such edge guide rollers, fabric spreaders and steam chambers to keep the fabric flat and smooth. A rope range need not be as sophisticated. 1. Continuous Rope Range Figure 5 shows the schematic of a rope range. This drawing only include scouring and bleaching stages. Each stage contains a saturator, J-box and rope washers. Figure 5. Schematic of a Continuous Rope Range The heart of a rope range is the J-box which is detailed in figure 6. The saturated fabric is plaited into the top leg of the J and feeds by gravity out through the lower leg. The size of the J-box depends on the dwell time and the speed of the range. These boxes are usually jacketed and steam heated. 7
Figure 6. Schematic of a J-Box AITER s。 UEEZE ROLLERS More details of a preparation utilizing J-boxes is seen in figure 7.. The saturator is placed in front of a J-box and the washers are placed immediately after Without pause, the fabric exits the washer and enters the next saturator. The sequence saturator -J-box -washeris repeated until all ofthe preparationstepsare completed Figure 7. Details of Continuous Rope Range 岛
Figure 6. Schematic of a J-Box More details of a preparation utilizing J-boxes is seen in figure 7.. The saturator is placed in front of a J-box and the washers are placed immediately after. Without pause, the fabric exits the washer and enters the next saturator. The sequence saturator g J-box g washer is repeated until all of the preparation steps are completed. Figure 7. Details of Continuous Rope Range
2. Continuous Open width range An open width range differs from a rope range only to the extent that the fabric handling equipment is different. The chemicals, temperatures and dwell times for the most part are the same as that for a rope range. A schematic of an open width range is seen in figure 8 Figure 8. Schematic of an Open Width Range T8Bh8adl desire washer caustic steamer peroxide desire steamer caustic saturator stic washer peroxide steam a. Applicators- Pads Chemicals are applied by padding. Pad designs will be discussed later in the section on finishing b. Steamers Steamer provides dwell time, moisture and temperature. The drawing in figure 9 shows a combination roller section-- bed steamer. The impregnated fabric enters the roller section where the fabric is exposed to heat and moisture in open sheet form. It is then plaited onto a conveyer-bed to provide reaction time for the chemicals to work before the fabric is washed. Some steamers have only the roller section. These require more floor space if the dwell time is to be equivalent The combined roller, conveyor bed steamers are the result of new developments aimed at improving cost/performance
2. Continuous Open Width Range An open width range differs from a rope range only to the extent that the fabric handling equipment is different. The chemicals, temperatures and dwell times, for the most part are the same as that for a rope range. A schematic of an open width range is seen in figure 8. Figure 8. Schematic of an Open Width Range a. Applicators - Pads Chemicals are applied by padding. Pad designs will be discussed later in the section on finishing. b. Steamers Steamer provides dwell time, moisture and temperature. The drawing in figure 9 shows a combination roller section - conveyer-bed steamer. The impregnated fabric enters the roller section where the fabric is exposed to heat and moisture in open sheet form. It is then plaited onto a conveyer-bed to provide reaction time for the chemicals to work before the fabric is washed. Some steamers have only the roller section. These require more floor space if the dwell time is .to be equivalent. The combined roller, conveyor bed steamers are the result of new developments aimed at improving cost/performance. 9
Figure 9. Schematic of a roller bed Steamer Kusters Roller Bed Steamer c. Open width Washers An open width washer can be a simple box(figure 10)containing a series of vertically stacked rollers where the lower rollers are submerged in the wash water Fabric enters the box at one end and traverses the box by going over and under each stack. Any number of these boxes can be arranged in series to provide the appropriate amount of rinsing. More sophisticated boxes will be divided into several compartments. Squeeze rolls are placed between them to speed up the removal of impurities. Some are equipped with spray nozzles which also facilitate the flushing action In another design the rollers are stacked horizontally. The fabric enters through a trough at the bottom of the box. The thread- up is such that the fabric travels to the upper set of rollers and works its way down successive pairs of rollers until it reaches the bottom. There it exits through another trough. water cascades downward through the layers so the flushing action is assisted by the physical force of the water impacting the fabric
Figure 9. Schematic of a Roller Bed Steamer c. Open Width Washers An open width washer can be a simple box (figure 10) containing a series of vertically stacked rollers where the lower rollers are submerged in the wash water. Fabric enters the box at one end and traverses the box by going over and under each stack. Any number of these boxes can be arranged in series to provide the appropriate amount of rinsing. More sophisticated boxes will be divided into several compartments. Squeeze rolls are placed between them to speed up the removal of impurities. Some are equipped with spray nozzles which also facilitate the flushing action. In another design, the rollers are stacked horizontally. The fabric enters through a trough at the bottom of the box. The thread-up is such that the fabric travels to the upper set of rollers and works its way down successive pairs of rollers until it reaches the bottom. There it exits through another trough. Water cascades downward through the layers so the flushing action is assisted by the physical force of the water impacting the fabric. 10
Figure 10. Washers Open box washer ●● ·● Horizontal washer Kusters Washe
Figure 10. Washers Open Box Washer Horizontal Washer 11