O Phyical chomitayI Chapter I Introduction of Quantum Meelanics E. Rutherford's model 1. The nucleus of an atom is very much smaller than the atom itself, 2. The electrons revolve around this dense positively charged nucleus 3. The size of the atom is determined by the size of the electronic orbits 20218/21 Chemistry Departme nt of Fudan University
Physical ChemistryI Chapter I Introduction of Quantum Mechanics 2021/8/21 Chemistry Department of Fudan University 26 E.Rutherford’s model 1.The nucleus of an atom is very much smaller than the atom itself; 2. The electrons revolve around this dense positively charged nucleus; 3. The size of the atom is determined by the size of the electronic orbits
O Phyical chomitayI Chapter I Introduction of Quantum Meelanics Rutherford's model presented a serious pro in terms of classical physics 1. An orbiting charged particle must continuously lose energy. The electron would therefore fall into the nucleus, and the atom would not survive 2. The kinds of atom is limited, why? Bohr's atomic theory Planck's Theory Einstein's theory ofradiation Rutherford's concept ofatom 20218/21 Chemistry Departme nt of Fudan University
Physical ChemistryI Chapter I Introduction of Quantum Mechanics 2021/8/21 Chemistry Department of Fudan University 27 Rutherford’s model presented a serious problem in terms of classical physics. 1. An orbiting charged particle must continuously lose energy. The electron would therefore fall into the nucleus, and the atom would not survive. 2.The kinds of atom is limited, why? Bohr’s atomic theory = Planck’s Theory + Einstein’s theory of radiation + Rutherford’s concept of atom
O Phyical chomitayI Chapter I Introduction of Quantum Meelanics 1. There are certain allowed energy, known as stationary states in the atom hv E3-E2 2. These states are characterized by discrete values on the angular momentum hv= E2-E M=n n is a positive integer 2丌 h= E3-E1 3. When an electronic transition occurs between two states of energies, the A0680600 frequency is given by △E=E2-E1=hv 2021/821 Chemistry Departme nt of Fudan University
Physical ChemistryI Chapter I Introduction of Quantum Mechanics 2021/8/21 Chemistry Department of Fudan University 28 2 h M = n E = E2 − E1 = h n is a positive integer 1. There are certain allowed energy, known as stationary states in the atom. 2. These states are characterized by discrete values on the angular momentum 3. When an electronic transition occurs between two states of energies, the frequency is given by
Phgyical ChemidkryI Chapter I Introduction of Quantum Mecltanics Application to hydrogen atom my e Bohr radius entripetd force coulombicforce.2 M=mvr=n h 2I r= n=1.r=0.529A 4丌2me E=E+v K 2 10973731cm1△E=E,n_2nme2 hv=hcv h n n2 20218/21 Chemistry Departme nt of Fudan University
Physical ChemistryI Chapter I Introduction of Quantum Mechanics 2021/8/21 Chemistry Department of Fudan University 29 Application to hydrogen atom 2 2 2 r e f f r mv = centripetal force = coulombic force = 2 h M = mvr = n 2 2 2 2 ; 1, 0.529A 4 n h r n r me = = = Bohr radius r e E EK V 2 2 = + = − 2 1 1 ~ 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 h hc h n n me E E E = = 109737.31cm-1 = − = −
O Phyical chomitayI Chapter I Introduction of Quantum Meelanics Correction of Bohrs Theory Sommerfeld 109737.31cm1 109677.60cm-1 Bohr copenhagen school 20218/21 Chemistry Departme nt of Fudan University
Physical ChemistryI Chapter I Introduction of Quantum Mechanics 2021/8/21 Chemistry Department of Fudan University 30 Bohr & Copenhagen School Correction of Bohr’s Theory 109737.31cm 109677.60cm-1 -1 Sommerfeld