The rubylaserThe chromium ion is left in astate in which it can onlyreturn to the ground state by atransition in which an electronchanges its spinPumpThe states involved are shown694.3 nmschematically at right
The ruby laser The chromium ion is left in a state in which it can only return to the ground state by a transition in which an electron changes its spin. The states involved are shown schematically at right
TherubylaserThe mirror on one end can then be removed and a pulse oflight emitted. This intense reflection is called laser which isan acronym standing for Light Amplification by StimulatedEmission of RadiationA typical arrangment for a pulsed ruby laser is shown infigure pagedownA high-intensity flash lamp exites the Cr3+ ions from level1 to level 3 and 4. The lamp can lie along the crystaline rodof ruby or wrapped around it
The mirror on one end can then be removed and a pulse of light emitted. This intense reflection is called laser which is an acronym standing for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. A typical arrangment for a pulsed ruby laser is shown in figure pagedown. A high-intensity flash lamp exites the Cr3+ ions from level 1 to level 3 and 4. The lamp can lie along the crystaline rod of ruby or wrapped around it. The ruby laser
The ruby laserFlashlampOOOOQlaserRubycrystal.switchbeamMirrorOOSketch of a ruby laser
The ruby laser Sketch of a ruby laser
TherubylaserResearch has tended to concentrate on transition metalions and lanthanide ions in various hosts since these ionshave suitable transitions of the right wavelengthlonHostWavelengthemitted (nm)Nd3+1046Fluorite (CaF2)Sm3+708.5FluoriteHo3+2090FluoriteNd3+1060Calcium tungstate (CaWO4)
The ruby laser Research has tended to concentrate on transition metal ions and lanthanide ions in various hosts since these ions have suitable transitions of the right wavelength