Chapter 16 the Price Adjustment Mechanism with Flexible and fixed Exchange Rates可变与固定汇率制下的价格调整机制 Main points of this chapter: Adjustment with Flexible Exchange Rates (可变汇率下的调节) Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Domestic Prices and the Terms of Trade (汇率变动对国内价格及贸易条件的影响) Stability of Foreign Exchange Markets and the Marshall-Lerner Condition (外汇市场的稳定性与马歇尔勒纳条件) The J-Curve Effect (J曲线效用) Adjustment Under the Gold Standard (金本位制下的调节) 1
1 Chapter 16 the Price Adjustment Mechanism with Flexible and fixed Exchange Rates 可变与固定汇率制下的价格调整机制 Main points of this chapter: Adjustment with Flexible Exchange Rates (可变汇率下的调节) Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Domestic Prices and the Terms of Trade (汇率变动对国内价格及贸易条件的影响) Stability of Foreign Exchange Markets and the Marshall-Lerner Condition (外汇市场的稳定性与马歇尔 -勒纳条件) The J-Curve Effect ( J曲线效用) Adjustment Under the Gold Standard (金本位制下的调节)
国际收支失衡的调整方式可分为自动调整 (价格调整、收入调节和货币调节)和政策调 整两种,前者是指通过市场自发力量恢复国际 收支平衡的机制,后者则是指通过政府政策的 干预恢复平衡的机制。 2
2 国际收支失衡的调整方式可分为自动调整 (价格调整、收入调节和货币调节)和政策调 整两种,前者是指通过市场自发力量恢复国际 收支平衡的机制,后者则是指通过政府政策的 干预恢复平衡的机制
16.2 Adjustment with Flexible Exchange Rates 可变汇率下的调节 Price Adjustment Mechanism:a depreciation and a devaluation operate on prices to bring about adjustment in the nation's current account and the balance of payments,they are both referred as the Price Adjustment Mechanism. 价格调整机制:贬值通常是对价格操作以调节一国的经常项 目和国际收支。 3
3 16.2 Adjustment with Flexible Exchange Rates 可变汇率下的调节 Price Adjustment Mechanism:a depreciation and a devaluation operate on prices to bring about adjustment in the nation’s current account and the balance of payments, they are both referred as the Price Adjustment Mechanism. 价格调整机制:贬值通常是对价格操作以调节一国的经常项 目和国际收支
16.2A Balance-of-Payments Adjustments with Exchange Rate Changes国际收支调节与变动汇率 (假设没有资本流动,仅是货物和服务的调整,资本的 流动受利率平价公式制约,这反映的是长期趋势) Figure 16.1: R=1$/e时,美图有4 billions欧元的缺口, R=1.2$/E时,美国对欧元的供求出规怕衡
4 16.2A Balance-of –Payments Adjustments with Exchange Rate Changes 国际收支调节与变动汇率 (假设没有资本流动,仅是货物和服务的调整,资本的 流动受利率平价公式制约,这反映的是长期趋势) Figure 16.1: R=1$/€时,美国有4billions billions欧元的缺口, R=1.2$/€时,美国对欧元的供求出现均衡。 时,美国对欧元的供求出现均衡
16.2B.C Derivation of the Demand and Supply for foreign Exchange 外汇需求和供给曲线的推导 (从进出口市场产生对外汇的供给和需求) 1.在汇率R=1$/时,欧元的供求有缺口(Figure16.1)。 (1)在汇率R=1$/e时的欧元需求(P550,Figure16.2左图) 在汇率R=1$/时,有进口需求线D,进口供给线SM,进口供 求均衡在B?(Qw12bi1s,P€1),这时需要欧元12bi1s, 对应于图16.1的点B。 (2)在汇率R=1$/€时的欧元供给(P550,Figure16.2右图) 在汇率R=1$/时,有出口需求线Dx,出口供给线Sx,出口供 求均衡在A'(Qx4bi1s,Px€2),创汇欧元8bi1s,对应于 图16.1的点A。 5
5 16.2B.C Derivation of the Demand and Supply for foreign Exchange 外汇需求和供给曲线的推导 (从进出口市场产生对外汇的供给和需求) 1. 在汇率R=1 $ /€时,欧元的供求有缺口(Figure 16.1)。 (1)在汇率R=1$/ €时的欧元需求(P550, F igure 16.2 左图) 在汇率R=1$/ €时,有进口需求线D M,进口供给线S M,进口供 求均衡在B’(Q M=12bils,P M = €1),这时需要欧元12bils, 对应于图16.1的点B。 (2)在汇率R=1$/ €时的欧元供给(P550, F igure 16.2 右图) 在汇率R=1$/ €时,有出口需求线D X,出口供给线S X,出口供 求均衡在A’(Q X=4bils,P X = €2),创汇欧元8bils,对应于 图16.1的点A