Health Care in ComparisonCountriesCanada:Single-payer health care system: health care isprovided by private firms, but paid for by thegovernment (indirectly via taxes).Individuals pay nothing out-of-pocket for servicesJapan:Universalhealth insurance:everyresidentisrequired to enroll in a non-profit health-insurancesociety, or enroll in the national government's programIndividuals have substantial co-paymentsUK:Socialized medicine:a health care system underwhich the government owns most of the hospitals andemploys mostofthedoctors.Some (~10%) people supplement with privatehealthinsurance.2015PearsonEducation,Inc.11
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. 11 Health Care in Comparison Countries Canada: Single-payer health care system: health care is provided by private firms, but paid for by the government (indirectly via taxes). Individuals pay nothing out-of-pocket for services. Japan: Universal health insurance: every resident is required to enroll in a non-profit health-insurance society, or enroll in the national government’s program. Individuals have substantial co-payments. UK: Socialized medicine: a health care system under which the government owns most of the hospitals and employs most of the doctors. Some (~10%) people supplement with private health insurance
Expenditures on HealthCareHealthcareisanormal good:Healthcarehigherincomespending perleads to higherpersonUnited States$9,000expenditure on8,000health care.7,0006,000Canada5,000NorwayJapanBut the United4,000States spends a3,0002,000UnitedKingdomgreater1,000proportion of0140income per$1015202535354550556065Incomeperpersonperson on health(thousandsofdollars)care than otherFigure5.3Levelsofincomepercountries.personand spendingperpersononhealthcare122015PearsonEducation,lnc
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. 12 Expenditures on Health Care Health care is a normal good: higher income leads to higher expenditure on health care. But the United States spends a greater proportion of income per person on health care than other countries. Levels of income per person and spending per person on health care Figure 5.3
Does America Get a Good Deal for Its Spending?UnitedUnitedOECDCanadaJapanHealthCareOutcomeStatesKingdomaverageLifeExpectancy78.7years77.6 yearsLifeexpectancyatbirth80.8years83.0years80.6years17.7years18.3years18.9years18.3years17.2yearsMalelifeexpectancyatage6523.9years20.9yearsFemalelifeexpectancyatage6520.3years21.5years20.5yearsInfantmortality(deathsper1,0005.12.34.23.66.1live births)HealthProblemsObesity(percentageofthe35.7%25.6%2.9%26.2%13.1%populationwithBMI>30)Comparing data acrosscountries,theUnitedStatesHealthoutcomes inTable 5.2does wellinsomecategorieshigh-income countriesand poorly in others.13@2015PearsonEducation,Inc
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. 13 Does America Get a Good Deal for Its Spending? Comparing data across countries, the United States does well in some categories and poorly in others. Health outcomes in high-income countries Table 5.2 Health Care Outcome United States Canada Japan United Kingdom OECD average Life Expectancy Life expectancy at birth 78.7 years 80.8 years 83.0 years 80.6 years 77.6 years Male life expectancy at age 65 17.7 years 18.3 years 18.9 years 18.3 years 17.2 years Female life expectancy at age 65 20.3 years 21.5 years 23.9 years 20.9 years 20.5 years Infant mortality (deaths per 1,000 live births) 6.1 5.1 2.3 4.2 3.6 Health Problems Obesity (percentage of the population with BMI >30) 35.7% 25.6% 2.9% 26.2% 13.1%
DoesAmerica Geta Good Deal-continuedUnitedUnitedOECDCanadaJapanHealthCareOutcomeStatesKingdomaverageDiagnosticEquipment8.05.610.325.943.1MRlunitsper1,000,000populationCTscannersper1,000.0007.434.313.997.320.4populationCancerDeathsfromcancerper100,000104.1113.394.8115.8114.7populationRiskofdyingofcancerbefore11.2%11.8%9.7%11.9%12.0%age7539.5%40.4%52.3%47.6%48.1%MortalityratioforcancerTable5.2Healthoutcomesinhigh-income countries14@2015PearsonEducation,Inc
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. 14 Does America Get a Good Deal—continued Health outcomes in high-income countries Table 5.2 Health Care Outcome United States Canada Japan United Kingdom OECD average Diagnostic Equipment MRI units per 1,000,000 population 25.9 8.0 43.1 5.6 10.3 CT scanners per 1,000,000 population 34.3 13.9 97.3 7.4 20.4 Cancer Deaths from cancer per 100,000 population 104.1 113.3 94.8 115.8 114.7 Risk of dying of cancer before age 75 11.2% 11.8% 9.7% 11.9% 12.0% Mortality ratio for cancer 39.5% 40.4% 52.3% 47.6% 48.1%