43,1亲核取代反应 Nucleophilic substitution Reactions There are many reactions of the general type show here R-X+ Nud RNu X Alkyl halide Nucleophile Product Halide ion 2( Substrate底物)
Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry Xiamen Xiamen University University 4.3.1 亲核取代反应 Nucleophilic sunbstitution Reactions 4.3.1 亲核取代反应 Nucleophilic sunbstitution Reactions There are many reactions of the general type show here. R X + Nu R Nu + X Alkyl halide Nucleophile Product Halide ion (Substrate 底物 )
Nal CH3I Nao CH3OH NaoCH3 CHrUCH Nao-c-ch Ch2Br 3 CH30-C-CH3 NaoNo CHRONO NacN CH3CN Nan3 CH3N 3
Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry Xiamen Xiamen University University CH 3Br Na I NaOH NaOCH 3 NaONO 2 NaO C O CH 3 NaCN Na N 3 CH 3 I CH 3OH CH 3OCH 3 CH 3O C O CH 3 CH 3ONO 2 CH 3CN CH 3 N 3
ash CH3SH Nascn CH3SCN NacH(CO2 CH3)2 CH3CH(CO2 CH3)2 NaC≡C-CH 3 CH3Br CH3C≡C-CH3 NH CH3NH3 Br N(CH3)3 (CH34NBr P(CH3)3 (CH3)4PBr
Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry Xiamen Xiamen University University CH 3Br NaSH NaSCN NaCH( C O 2CH 3 ) 2 NaC C CH 3SH CH 3SCN CH 3CH( C O 2CH 3 ) 2 CH 3C C C H 3 CH 3NH 3Br (C H 3 ) 4NB r CH 3 NH 3 N(CH 3 ) 3 P( C H 3 ) 3 (C H 3 ) 4PBr
a In this type of reaction a nucleophile,a S species With an unshared electron pal a. reacts with an alkyl halide(called the substrate)by replacing the halogen s substituent. A substitution reaction takes place and the halogen substituent, called e the leaving group, departs as a halide ion a Because the substitution reaction is initiated by a nucleophile, it is called a nucleophilic substitution reaction
Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry Xiamen Xiamen University University In this type of reaction a nucleophile, a species with an unshared electron pair, reacts with an alkyl halide (called the substrate) by replacing the halogen substituent. A substitution reaction takes place and the halogen substituent, called the leaving group, departs as a halide ion. Because the substitution reaction is initiated by a nucleophile, it is called a nucleophilic substitution reaction
In nucleophilic substitution reactions the carbon-halogen bond of the substrate undergoes heterolysis, and the unshared E. pair of the nucleophile is used to form a new bond to the carbon atom Leaving group ●● ①D RI8X.+ Nua RONu+XO ●● ⑨D Heterolysis occurs here Nucleophile
Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry Xiamen Xiamen University University In nucleophilic substitution reactions the carbon-halogen bond of the substrate undergoes heterolysis, and the unshared pair of the nucleophile is used to form a new bond to the carbon atom. R X Nu H eterolysis o ccurs here Leaving gro up N ucleo p hile + R Nu + X