Logic Designer's view 计算机组成与实现 ISA Level 计算机组成( Computer Organization or FUs interconnect Microarchitecture):lsA的逻辑实现 物理机器级中的数据流和控制流的组成以及逻辑设 计等 计算机实现( Computer Implementation):计算机组 成的物理实现 -CPU, MEMORY等的物理结构,器件的集成度、 速度,模块、插件、底板的划分与连接、信号传输、 电源、冷却及整机装配技术等 例如 1290确定指令系统中是否有乘指冷( Architecture)3
1/29/2021 中国科学技术大学 Logic Designer's View ISA Level FUs & Interconnect • 计算机组成（Computer Organization or Microarchitecture): ISA的逻辑实现 – 物理机器级中的数据流和控制流的组成以及逻辑设 计等 • 计算机实现（Computer Implementation):计算机组 成的物理实现 – CPU ，MEMORY等的物理结构，器件的集成度、 速度，模块、插件、底板的划分与连接、信号传输、 电源、冷却及整机装配技术等 • 例如 – 确定指令系统中是否有乘法指令 (Architecture) – 确定用加法器实现乘法 还是用专门的乘法实现 计算机组成与实现 13
Example Organization TI Super SPaRctm TMs390Z50 in Sun SPARCstation20 MBUs Module SuperSPARC ■■■■ ■■□■■■■ Floating-point Unit □■■■■■■□ DRAM Integer Unit MBuS Controller Inst Ref Data L64852 MBus control CacheMMU M-S Adapter Cache STDIO SBus serial Store SCSI d SBUs mouse Buffer DMA Ethernet audio RTC Bus Interface SBus Boot PROM Cards Flo 1/29/2021 中国科学技术
1/29/2021 中国科学技术大学 Example Organization • TI SuperSPARCtm TMS390Z50 in Sun SPARCstation20 Boot PROM Floating-point Unit Integer Unit Inst Cache Ref MMU Data Cache Store Buffer Bus Interface SuperSPARC L2 $ CC MBus Module MBus L64852 MBus control M-S Adapter SBus DRAM Controller SBus DMA SCSI Ethernet STDIO serial kbd mouse audio RTC Floppy SBus Cards 14
体系结构vs.微结构 Architecture /Instruction Set Architecture(ISA) Class of IsA: register-memory or register register architectures Programmer visible state(Register and Memory) Addressing Modes: how memory addresses are computed Data types and sizes for integer and floating- point operands Instructions, encoding, and operation Exception and Interrupt semantics Microarchitecture /Organization 129202- Tradeoffs on how to implement the IsA for speed, energy, cost
体系结构 vs.微结构 • Architecture / Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) – Class of ISA: register-memory or registerregister architectures – Programmer visible state (Register and Memory) – Addressing Modes: how memory addresses are computed – Data types and sizes for integer and floatingpoint operands – Instructions, encoding, and operation – Exception and Interrupt semantics • Microarchitecture / Organization – Tradeoffs on how to implement the ISA for speed, energy, cost Pipeline width and depth, cache size, peak 1/29/2021 中国科学技术大学 15
计算机体系结构设计者的任务 ·设计和实现不同档次的计算机系统 Understand software demands Understand technology trends Understand architecture trends Understand economics of com puter systems 最大化性能、可编程性等指标 在一定的技术和成本的限制下 体系结构现状: Today' s microprocessors are multiprocessors Several cores on a single chip Each core capable of executing multiple threads 1/29/2021 中国科学技术大学
计算机体系结构设计者的任务 • 设计和实现不同档次的计算机系统 – Understand software demands – Understand technology trends – Understand architecture trends – Understand economics of computer systems • 最大化性能、可编程性等指标 – 在一定的技术和成本的限制下 • 体系结构现状: – Today’s microprocessors are multiprocessors – Several cores on a single chip – Each core capable of executing multiple threads 1/29/2021 中国科学技术大学 16
计算机体系结构设计过程 Design 体系结构设计是循环渐进的过程: Search the possible design space Make selections Evaluate the selections made Creativity Cost/ Performance A Analysis/ Good /deas Bad Ideas Mediocre ldeas Good measurement tools are required to accurately 3 valuate the selectio中国科学技术大学
1/29/2021 中国科学技术大学 Design Analysis 体系结构设计是循环渐进的过程: •Search the possible design space • Make selections • Evaluate the selections made Bad Ideas Creativity Good Ideas Mediocre Ideas Cost / Performance Analysis 计算机体系结构设计过程 Good measurement tools are required to accurately evaluate the selection. 17