Lesson Twenty Unattended machinery Spaces of the ship and its equipment during UMS operation certain essential requirements must be met a o he sophistication of modern control systems and the reliability of the equipment used have resulted in machinery spaces remaining unattended for long periods. In order to ensure the saf 1. Bridge contol A control system to operate the main machinery must be provided on the bridge. Instrumentation providing certain basic information must be provided 2. machinery control mom A centralized control room must be provided with the equipment to operate all main and auxiliary machinery easily accessible 3. Alarm and fire protection An alarm system is required which must be comprehensive in coverage of the equipment and able to provided warnings in the control room, the machinery spaces, the accommodation and on the bridge. a fire detection and alarm system which operates rapidly must also be provided through out the machinery space, and a fire control point must be provided outside the machinery space with facilities for control of emergency equipment 4. Emergency power A means of providing emergency electrical power and essential lighting must be provided. This is usually met by the automatic start up of a standby generator Automatic synchronizing and load sharing must also take place Bridge control peration from the machinery control room will be by a trained various preparatory steps and logical timed sequence of events which an engineer will undertake cannot be expected to occur when equipment is operated from the bridge. Bridge control must therefore have built into the system appropriate circuits to provide the correct timing, logic and sequence. There must also be protection devices and safety interlocks built into the sy a bridge control system for a steam turbine main propulsion engine is shown in Fig 1. Control of the main engine may be from the bridge control unit or the machinery control room. The programming and timing unit ensures that the correct logical sequence of events occurs over the appropriate period. Typical operations would include the raising of steam in the boiler, the circulating of lubricating oil through the turbine and the opening of steam drains from the turbine The timing of certain events, such as the opening and closing of steam valves, must be carefully controlled to avoid dangerous conditions occurring or to allow other system adjustments to occur Protection and safety circuits or interlocks would be input to the programming and timing unit to stop its action if, for example, the turning gear was still engaged or the lubricating oil pressure was low. The ahead/astern selector would direct signals to the appropriate valve controller resulting in valve actuation and steam supply. When manoeuvring some switching arrangement would ensure that the astern guardian valve was open, bled steam was shut off, etc. If the turbine were stopped it would automatically recerve blasts of steam at timed intervals to prevent rotor distortion. A feed-back signal of shaft speed would ensure correct speed without action from the main control station
Lesson Twenty Unattended Machinery Spaces The sophistication of modern control systems and the reliability of the equipment used have resulted in machinery spaces remaining unattended for long periods. In order to ensure the safety of the ship and its equipment during UMS operation certain essential requirements must be met: 1. Bridge control A control system to operate the main machinery must be provided on the bridge. Instrumentation providing certain basic information must be provided. 2. machinery control room A centralized control room must be provided with the equipment to operate all main and auxiliary machinery easily accessible. 3. Alarm and fire protection An alarm system is required which must be comprehensive in coverage of the equipment and able to provided warnings in the control room, the machinery spaces, the accommodation and on the bridge. A fire detection and alarm system which operates rapidly must also be provided through out the machinery space, and a fire control point must be provided outside the machinery space with facilities for control of emergency equipment. 4. Emergency power A means of providing emergency electrical power and essential lighting must be provided. This is usually met by the automatic start up of a standby generator. Automatic synchronizing and load sharing must also take place. Bridge control Equipment operation from the machinery control room will be by a trained engineer. The various preparatory steps and logical timed sequence of events which an engineer will undertake cannot be expected to occur when equipment is operated from the bridge. Bridge control must therefore have built into the system appropriate circuits to provide the correct timing, logic and sequence. There must also be protection devices and safety interlocks built into the system. A bridge control system for a steam turbine main propulsion engine is shown in Fig. 1.Control of the main engine may be from the bridge control unit or the machinery control room. The programming and timing unit ensures that the correct logical sequence of events occurs over the appropriate period. Typical operations would include the raising of steam in the boiler, the circulating of lubricating oil through the turbine and the opening of steam drains from the turbine. The timing of certain events, such as the opening and closing of steam valves, must be carefully controlled to avoid dangerous conditions occurring or to allow other system adjustments to occur. Protection and safety circuits or interlocks would be input to the programming and timing unit to stop its action if, for example, the turning gear was still engaged or the lubricating oil pressure was low. The ahead/astern selector would direct signals to the appropriate valve controller resulting in valve actuation and steam supply. When manoeuvring some switching arrangement would ensure that the astern guardian valve was open, bled steam was shut off, etc. If the turbine were stopped it would automatically recerve blasts of steam at timed intervals to prevent rotor distortion. A feed-back signal of shaft speed would ensure correct speed without action from the main control station
room control Programming safety d ti nIt astern controller Ahead oller Value Value actuator actuator Fig. I Bridge control of steam turbine plant a bridge control system for a slow speed diesel main engine is shown in Fig. 2. Control may be from either station with the operating signal passing to programming and timing unit. Safety interlocks will be input signals to prevent engine starting or to shut down the engine if a fault occurred. The programming signal would then pass to the camshaft positioner to ensure the correct directional location A logic device would receive the signal next and arrange for the supply of starting air to turn the engine. A signal passing through the governor would supply fuel to the engine to start and ontinue operation. A feedback signal of engine speed would shut off the starting air and also enable the governor to control engine speed. Engine speed would be provided as an instrument reading at both control stations
Fig.1 Bridge control of steam turbine plant A bridge control system for a slow speed diesel main engine is shown in Fig .2. Control may be from either station with the operating signal passing to programming and timing unit. Safety interlocks will be input signals to prevent engine starting or to shut down the engine if a fault occurred. The programming signal would then pass to the camshaft positioner to ensure the correct directional location. A logic device would receive the signal next and arrange for the supply of starting air to turn the engine. A signal passing through the governor would supply fuel to the engine to start and continue operation. A feedback signal of engine speed would shut off the starting air and also enable the governor to control engine speed. Engine speed would be provided as an instrument reading at both control stations. Programming and timing unit Machinery room control Ahead/ astern Ahead controller Speed controller Astern controller Manual Value actuator Value actuator safety Checks Bridge control Selector
sate Fig 2 Bridge control of slow speed diesel engine a bridge control system for a controllable pitch propeller is shown in Fig 3.The propeller pitch and engine speed are usually controlled by a single lever(combinator ) The control lever signal passes via the selector to the engine governor and the pitch operating actuator. Pitch and engine speed signals will be fed back and displayed at both control stations. The load control unit ensures a constant load on the engine by varying propeller pitch as external conditions change The input signals are from the fuel pump setting and actual engine speed. The output signal is supplied as a feedback to the pitch controller The steering gear is, of course, bridge controlled and is arranged for automatic or manual control. A typical automatic or auto pilot system is shown in Fig 4. A three term controller provides the output signal where a course deviation exists and will bring about a rudder contol Actuator Ac时 actua Fig 3 Bridge control of controllable pitch propeller
Fig. 2 Bridge control of slow speed diesel engine A bridge control system for a controllable pitch propeller is shown in Fig. 3 .The propeller pitch and engine speed are usually controlled by a single lever (combinator ). The control lever signal passes via the selector to the engine governor and the pitch operating actuator. Pitch and engine speed signals will be fed back and displayed at both control stations. The load control unit ensures a constant load on the engine by varying propeller pitch as external conditions change. The input signals are from the fuel pump setting and actual engine speed. The output signal is supplied as a feedback to the pitch controller. The steering gear is, of course, bridge controlled and is arranged for automatic or manual control. A typical automatic or auto pilot system is shown in Fig.4. A three term controller provides the output signal where a course deviation exists and will bring about a rudder movement. Fig. 3 Bridge control of controllable pitch propeller
Variable displacement Steering Set eceiver pump elemotor Actual ntroller Transmitter eceiver plifier Actuator Course course Power Feedback External forces Feedback 舵轮 变排量泵 舵装置 ]动经[收 罗经 发送器 接收器 放大器 行机构 航向 航向 电源 外力 输入 图4自动操舵系统 The various system parts are shown in terms of their system functions and the particular item of equipment involved. The feedback loop between the rudder and the amplifier(variable delivery pump) results in no pumping action when equilibrium exists in the system. External forces can ac on the ship or the rudder to cause a change in the ships actual course resulting in a feedback to the controller and subsequent corrective action. The controller action must be correctly adjusted for the particular external conditions to ensure that excessive rudder movement does not occur (From"Introduction to Marine Engineering",D A Taylor, 1983)
Fig. 4 Automatic steering system 图 4 自动操舵系统 The various system parts are shown in terms of their system functions and the particular item of equipment involved. The feedback loop between the rudder and the amplifier (variable delivery pump) results in no pumping action when equilibrium exists in the system. External forces can act on the ship or the rudder to cause a change in the ship’s actual course resulting in a feedback to the controller and subsequent corrective action. The controller action must be correctly adjusted for the particular external conditions to ensure that excessive rudder movement does not occur. （From “ Introduction to Marine Engineering ”, D.A. Taylor, 1983） Power input Set Course Receiver Telemotor receiver Ship Actual course Feedback Feedback External forces 电 源 输入 控制器 发送器 遥控传动装置 人工 舵轮 设定 航向 接收器 遥控传动装 置接收器 放大器 变排量泵 执行机构 操舵装置 舵 船 罗经 实际 航向 反馈 反馈 外力 Controller Transmitter Telemotor Manual Wheel Amplifier Variable displacement pump Actuator Steering gear Rudder Compass
Technical Terms l. bridge control驾驶室控制 20. Programming程序设计,规划 2. machinery control room机舱控制室 21. Programming system程序系统 3. machinery space机舱 22. Steam turbine plant汽轮机装置 4. unattended machinery space(UMS)无人23. Air manifold空气岐管,空气管汇 机舱 24. fuel rack油门齿条 5. timing unit定时装置 25. auto pilot system自动导航系统 6. ahead正车,前进 26. pitch control mechanism螺距控制机构 7. astern倒车,后退 27. load control负荷控制 8. safety checks安全闭锁器 28. hand control手动控制 9. speed controller转速控制器 29. crank手柄 10. selector选择器,转换器 30. telemotor遥控传动装置 ll. valve actuator阀门执行机构 31. transmitter变送器,传感器 12. fire protection防火 32. variable displacement pump变排量泵 13. fire detection探火 33 amplifier放大器 14. emergency power应急电源 34. feedback loop反馈回路 15. essential lighting主要照明 35. steering gear操舵装置 16. logic逻辑 36. power input电源输入 17.log计程仪,航海日志 罗经,指南针 18. safety interlocks安全联锁装置 38 set course设定航向 program程序,图表,说明书 39. automatic steering system自动操舵系统 Additional Terms and Expressions 1. automatic main engine remote control主机自动6. automatic lock demand unit负荷自动测定装置 遥控(装置) 7. automatic unloading control卸载自动控制装置 2. automatic diesel and generator control unit柴油8. autopilot自动驾驶仪 发电机自动控制装置 9. data logger system巡回检测系统 3. automatic pump control泵油自动控制(装置)10. telemetry observation system遥测监测系统 4. automatic marine boiler control船用锅炉自动11. data processing system数据处理系统 控制(装置) 12. automatic cut out device自动停车装置 5. automatic generating system电站自动装置 Notes to the Text 1. Typical operations would include the raising of steam in the boiler, the circulating of lubricating oil through the turbine and the opening of steam drains from the turbine 其中 would表示了一种倾向性的特征,同时带有虚拟成分,使语气显得比较婉转。本文 中 would用的较多 2. Protection and safety circuits or interlocks would be input to the programming and timing unit to stop its action if, or example, the turning gear was still engaged or the lubricating oil
Technical Terms 1. bridge control 驾驶室控制 2. machinery control room 机舱控制室 3. machinery space 机舱 4. unattended machinery space (UMS) 无人 机舱 5. timing unit 定时装置 6. ahead 正车，前进 7. astern 倒车，后退 8. safety checks 安全闭锁器 9. speed controller 转速控制器 10. selector 选择器，转换器 11. valve actuator 阀门执行机构 12. fire protection 防火 13. fire detection 探火 14. emergency power 应急电源 15. essential lighting 主要照明 16．logic 逻辑 17．log 计程仪，航海日志 18．safety interlocks 安全联锁装置 19．program 程序，图表，说明书 20．Programming 程序设计，规划 21．Programming system 程序系统 22．Steam turbine plant 汽轮机装置 23．Air manifold 空气岐管，空气管汇 24. fuel rack 油门齿条 25. auto pilot system 自动导航系统 26. pitch control mechanism 螺距控制机构 27. load control 负荷控制 28. hand control 手动控制 29. crank 手柄 30. telemotor 遥控传动装置 31. transmitter 变送器，传感器 32. variable displacement pump 变排量泵 33. amplifier 放大器 34. feedback loop 反馈回路 35. steering gear 操舵装置 36. power input 电源输入 37. compass 罗经，指南针 38. set course 设定航向 39. automatic steering system 自动操舵系统 Additional Terms and Expressions 1. automatic main engine remote control 主机自动 遥控（装置） 2. automatic diesel and generator control unit 柴油 发电机自动控制装置 3. automatic pump control 泵油自动控制（装置） 4. automatic marine boiler control 船用锅炉自动 控制（装置） 5. automatic generating system 电站自动装置 6. automatic lock demand unit 负荷自动测定装置 7. automatic unloading control 卸载自动控制装置 8. autopilot 自动驾驶仪 9. data logger system 巡回检测系统 10. telemetry observation system 遥测监测系统 11. data processing system 数据处理系统 12. automatic cut out device 自动停车装置 Notes to the Text 1. Typical operations would include the raising of steam in the boiler, the circulating of lubricating oil through the turbine and the opening of steam drains from the turbine. 其中 would 表示了一种倾向性的特征，同时带有虚拟成分，使语气显得比较婉转。本文 中 would 用的较多。 2. Protection and safety circuits or interlocks would be input to the programming and timing unit to stop its action if, or example, the turning gear was still engaged or the lubricating oil