Ⅱ. Position and adjacency Left kidney lies at the level from the lower border of tll to L2: the 12th rib is behind its middle part of the post surface Right kidney at the level from the lower border of T12 to L3: the 12th rib is behind its upper part of the post surface
Ⅱ.Position and adjacency ◼ Left kidney lies at the level from the lower border of T11 to L2; the 12th rib is behind its middle part of the post surface ◼ Right kidney at the level from the lower border of T12 to L3; the 12th rib is behind its upper part of the post surface
Renal hilum at the level ofli is about 5cm from the posterior median line ■ enal region the area between 12th rib Ar and the lateral margin of erector spinae
◼ Renal hilum at the level of L1, is about 5cm from the posterior median line ◼ Renal region the area between 12th rib and the lateral margin of erector spinae
Adjacency of the kidneys Superiorly- suprarenal gland Posteriorly Three muscles Three nerves Medial
Adjacency of the kidneys ◼Superiorly－ superarenal gland ◼Posteriorly Three muscles Three nerves ◼Medial
Anterior a Left kidney Stomach(superior), Pancreas(middle), Loops of intestine and left colic flexure (inferiorly 口 Right kidney Right lobe of liver superior Right colic flexure (inferior) Descending part of duodenum(medially)
◼ Anteriorly ❑ Left kidney ◼ Stomach (superior), ◼ Pancreas (middle), ◼ Loops of intestine and left colic flexure (inferiorly) ❑ Right kidney ◼ Right lobe of liver (superior) ◼ Right colic flexure (inferior) ◼ Descending part of duodenum (medially)
Il The Coverings of kidneys Fibrous capsule纤维囊 Fatty renal capsule脂肪囊 Renal fascia肾筋膜
Fibrous capsule 纤维囊 Fatty renal capsule 脂肪囊 Renal fascia 肾筋膜 Ⅲ.The Coverings of kidneys