INTRODUCTIONXXVII version of VMware ESXi, planning your installation, and installing VMware ESXi, both manually and in an unattended fashion. Chapter 3: Installing and Configuring v Center Server In this chapter, we dive deep into planning your vCenter Server environment. vCenter Server is a critical management compo- lent of vSphere, so this chapter discusses the proper design, planning, installation, and configuration for vCenter Server. Chapter 4: vSphere Update Manager and the vCenter Support Tools This chapter describes what is involved in planning, designing, installing, and configuring the vSphere Update Manager along with some of the other vCenter tools. You'll use vCenter Update Manager to eep your vSphere environment patched and up-to-date Chapter 5: Creating and Configuring a vSphere Network This virtual-networking chapter covers the design, management, and optimization of virtual networks, including features like the vSphere Distributed Switch. In this chapter, we also initiate discussions and provide solutions on how to integrate the virtual networking architecture with the physical network architecture while maintaining network security Chapter 6: Creating and Configuring Storage Devices This in-depth chapter provides an extensive overview of the various storage architectures available for vSphere. In this chapter, we discuss VSAN, Fibre Channel, iSCSI, and NAS storage design and optimization techniques as well as storage features like thin provisioning, multipathing, and round-robin load Chapter 7: Ensuring High Availability and Business Continuity This exciting chapter covers the hot topics regarding business continuity and disaster recovery. We provide details on building highly available server clusters in virtual machines. In addition, this chapter discusses the use of vSphere High Availability(HA)and vSphere Fault Tolerance(FT)as ways of providing failover for virtual machines running in a vSphere environment. We also discuss backup options using vSphere's Storage APIs and in this chapter, we cover different security management aspects, including manag Chapter 8: Securing VMware vSphere Security is an important part of any implementatio direct ESXi host access and integrating vSphere with Active Directory. This chapter als vers how ess for environments with multiple levels of system adminis- tration and how to employ windows users and groups in conjunction with the vSphere ecurity model to ease the administrative delegation that comes with enterprise-level Chapter 9: Creating and Managing Virtual Machines This chapter introduces the practices and procedures involved in provisioning virtual machines through vCenter Server. In addition, you're introduced to timesaving techniques, virtual machine optimization, and best practices that will ensure simplified management as the number of virtual machines grows Chapter 10: Using Templates and vApps This chapter introduces the idea of templates,a mechanism for more rapidly deploying standardized virtual-machine images. We also discuss the different types of cloning and the concept of a vApp--a specialized container used by Sphere for the distribution of multi-VM applications In addition, we discuss the Open Virtualization Format(OVF)standard used by VMware and other vendors for distributing virtual machines
INTRODUCTION | xxvii version of VMware ESXi, planning your installation, and installing VMware ESXi, both manually and in an unattended fashion. Chapter 3: Installing and Configuring vCenter Server In this chapter, we dive deep into planning your vCenter Server environment. vCenter Server is a critical management component of vSphere, so this chapter discusses the proper design, planning, installation, and configuration for vCenter Server. Chapter 4: vSphere Update Manager and the vCenter Support Tools This chapter describes what is involved in planning, designing, installing, and configuring the vSphere Update Manager along with some of the other vCenter tools. You’ll use vCenter Update Manager to keep your vSphere environment patched and up-to-date. Chapter 5: Creating and Configuring a vSphere Network This virtual-networking chapter covers the design, management, and optimization of virtual networks, including features like the vSphere Distributed Switch. In this chapter, we also initiate discussions and provide solutions on how to integrate the virtual networking architecture with the physical network architecture while maintaining network security. Chapter 6: Creating and Configuring Storage Devices This in-depth chapter provides an extensive overview of the various storage architectures available for vSphere. In this chapter, we discuss vSAN, Fibre Channel, iSCSI, and NAS storage design and optimization techniques as well as storage features like thin provisioning, multipathing, and round-robin load balancing. Chapter 7: Ensuring High Availability and Business Continuity This exciting chapter covers the hot topics regarding business continuity and disaster recovery. We provide details on building highly available server clusters in virtual machines. In addition, this chapter discusses the use of vSphere High Availability (HA) and vSphere Fault Tolerance (FT) as ways of providing failover for virtual machines running in a vSphere environment. We also discuss backup options using vSphere’s Storage APIs. Chapter 8: Securing VMware vSphere Security is an important part of any implementation, and in this chapter, we cover different security management aspects, including managing direct ESXi host access and integrating vSphere with Active Directory. This chapter also covers how to manage user access for environments with multiple levels of system administration and how to employ Windows users and groups in conjunction with the vSphere security model to ease the administrative delegation that comes with enterprise-level deployments. Chapter 9: Creating and Managing Virtual Machines This chapter introduces the practices and procedures involved in provisioning virtual machines through vCenter Server. In addition, you’re introduced to timesaving techniques, virtual machine optimization, and best practices that will ensure simplified management as the number of virtual machines grows larger over time. Chapter 10: Using Templates and vApps This chapter introduces the idea of templates, a mechanism for more rapidly deploying standardized virtual-machine images. We also discuss the different types of cloning and the concept of a vApp—a specialized container used by vSphere for the distribution of multi-VM applications. In addition, we discuss the Open Virtualization Format (OVF) standard used by VMware and other vendors for distributing virtual machines
XXVIII INTRODUCTION Chapter 11: Managing Resource Allocation In this chapter, we provide a comprehensive look at managing resource allocation From individual virtual machines to resource pools and clusters of ESXi hosts, this chapter explores how resc consumed in vSphere and addresses the mechanisms you can use--reservations, limits, and shares-to manage and modify that resource allocation Chapter 12: Balancing Resource Utilization Resource allocation isnt the same as resource utilization, and this chapter follows up the discussion of resource allocation in Chapter 11 with a look at some of the ways vSphere offers to balance resource utilization. In this chapter, you'll learn about vSphere vMotion, Enhanced vMotion Compatibility, vSphere Distributed Resource Scheduler(DRS), Storage vMotion, and Storage DRS Chapter 13: Monitoring VMware vSphere Performance In this chapter, we look at some of the native tools in vSphere that give virtual infrastructure administrators the ability to track and network adapter perforce issues. The chapter focuses on monitoring CPU, memory, di Server. In this chapter, you'll also learn about vCenter Operations Manager Chapter 14: Getting Started with vSphere Automation Many tasks that VMware vSphere administrators face are repetitive, but automation can help. In this chapter, we close out the book by discussing several different ways to bring automation to your vSphere environment, including PowerCLI and the vSphere APIs Appendix: The Bottom Line This appendix offers solutions to the Master It problems at the end of each chapter The Mastering Series The Mastering series from Sybex provides outstanding instruction for readers with intermediate and advanced skills, in the form of top-notch training and development for those already yorking in their field and clear, serious education for those aspiring to become pros. Every Mastering book includes the following Real-World Scenarios, ranging from case studies to interviews, that show how the tool, Skill-based instruction, with chapters organized around real tasks rather than abstract Self-review test questions, so you can be certain you're equipped to do the job right The hardware behind the book Starting out, it can seem difficult to build an environment in which you can learn by implement g the exercises and practices detailed in this book. It is possible to build a practice lab with minimal hardware, and we encourage you to follow along with the book. If you're just starting, we recommend that you build a nested virtual lab on your laptop or desktop computer. A nested lab runs the hypervisor itself, ESXi, as a virtual machine. It needs VMware Workstation or Fusion installed and at least 16 GB of RAM. Be sure to read Chapters 2 and 3 before you attempt to construct any type of environment for development purposes
xxviii | INTRODUCTION Chapter 11: Managing Resource Allocation In this chapter, we provide a comprehensive look at managing resource allocation. From individual virtual machines to resource pools and clusters of ESXi hosts, this chapter explores how resources are consumed in vSphere and addresses the mechanisms you can use—reservations, limits, and shares—to manage and modify that resource allocation. Chapter 12: Balancing Resource Utilization Resource allocation isn’t the same as resource utilization, and this chapter follows up the discussion of resource allocation in Chapter 11 with a look at some of the ways vSphere offers to balance resource utilization. In this chapter, you’ll learn about vSphere vMotion, Enhanced vMotion Compatibility, vSphere Distributed Resource Scheduler (DRS), Storage vMotion, and Storage DRS. Chapter 13: Monitoring VMware vSphere Performance In this chapter, we look at some of the native tools in vSphere that give virtual infrastructure administrators the ability to track and troubleshoot performance issues. The chapter focuses on monitoring CPU, memory, disk, and network adapter performance across ESXi hosts, resource pools, and clusters in vCenter Server. In this chapter, you’ll also learn about vCenter Operations Manager. Chapter 14: Getting Started with vSphere Automation Many tasks that VMware vSphere administrators face are repetitive, but automation can help. In this chapter, we close out the book by discussing several different ways to bring automation to your vSphere environment, including PowerCLI and the vSphere APIs. Appendix: The Bottom Line This appendix offers solutions to the Master It problems at the end of each chapter. The Mastering Series The Mastering series from Sybex provides outstanding instruction for readers with intermediate and advanced skills, in the form of top-notch training and development for those already working in their field and clear, serious education for those aspiring to become pros. Every Mastering book includes the following: ◆ Real-World Scenarios, ranging from case studies to interviews, that show how the tool, technique, or knowledge presented is applied in actual practice ◆ Skill-based instruction, with chapters organized around real tasks rather than abstract concepts or subjects ◆ Self-review test questions, so you can be certain you’re equipped to do the job right The Hardware Behind the Book Starting out, it can seem difficult to build an environment in which you can learn by implementing the exercises and practices detailed in this book. It is possible to build a practice lab with minimal hardware, and we encourage you to follow along with the book. If you’re just starting, we recommend that you build a nested virtual lab on your laptop or desktop computer. A nested lab runs the hypervisor itself, ESXi, as a virtual machine. It needs VMware Workstation or Fusion installed and at least 16 GB of RAM. Be sure to read Chapters 2 and 3 before you attempt to construct any type of environment for development purposes
INTRODUCTIONXXIX or the purpose of writing this book, we used multiple hardware configurations. wher travelling, it was simple to spin up a simple nested lab on our laptops, but more often than not, we used a decent setup with a small number of servers and storage the sort of environment to which they have access. For entry-level NFS and iscsI testing,/ hot It's not impossible to set yourself up with a nice lab to follow along. But for some, this is simulators that you can use to gain some familiarity with shared storage concepts and the umber of vendors, including DellEMC, HP, and NetApp, offer virtual storage appliances vendor's specific products. We encourage you to use these sorts of tools where applicable in your learning process. VSAN can also run in evaluation mode if you wish to use local disks using nested virtualization at scale. You can find details on the HOL website: Labs, hot ?G In addition, the VMware Hands-on Labs(hod) provide fully functioning environmen vmware.com.Theyrefreetouseandyoudon'thavetofollowtheguidesassociatedwiththe labs if you don' t want to Who Should Buy This Book This book is for IT professionals looking to strengthen their knowledge of constructing and managing a virtual infrastructure on vSphere 6.7. While the book can also be helpful for those new to IT, a strong set of assumptions is made about the target reader: A basic understanding of networking architecture xperience working in a Microsoft Windows environment Experience managing DNS and DHCP A basic understanding of how virtualization differs from traditional physical infrastructures A basic understanding of hardware and software components in standard x86 and x64 computing How to tact the authors ack from you about this book or about books you' d like to see from us in the f You can reach Nick by writing to nickenickmarshall. com. au, by following him on Twitter(his username is @nickmarshal 19), or by visiting his blog at www nickmarshall. com au You can reach out to Mike by following him on Twitter(his username is @vcdx71)or by visitinghispersonalblogatwww.vcdx71.com You can reach out to Blair by following him on Twitter(his username is @TheVMBLair), or by visiting his blog at blair. com. You can reach Ryan by writing to ryanetenthirtyam. org, by following @tenthirtyam on Twitter, or by visiting tenthirtyam org for his occasional hypertext fragments
INTRODUCTION | xxix For the purpose of writing this book, we used multiple hardware configurations. When travelling, it was simple to spin up a simple nested lab on our laptops, but more often than not, we used a decent setup with a small number of servers and storage. It’s not impossible to set yourself up with a nice lab to follow along. But for some, this is not the sort of environment to which they have access. For entry-level NFS and iSCSI testing, a number of vendors, including DellEMC, HP, and NetApp, offer virtual storage appliances or simulators that you can use to gain some familiarity with shared storage concepts and the vendor’s specific products. We encourage you to use these sorts of tools where applicable in your learning process. vSAN can also run in evaluation mode if you wish to use local disks. In addition, the VMware Hands-on Labs (HOL) provide fully functioning environments, using nested virtualization at scale. You can find details on the HOL website: labs.hol. vmware.com. They’re free to use, and you don’t have to follow the guides associated with the labs if you don’t want to. Who Should Buy This Book This book is for IT professionals looking to strengthen their knowledge of constructing and managing a virtual infrastructure on vSphere 6.7. While the book can also be helpful for those new to IT, a strong set of assumptions is made about the target reader: ◆ A basic understanding of networking architecture ◆ Experience working in a Microsoft Windows environment ◆ Experience managing DNS and DHCP ◆ A basic understanding of how virtualization differs from traditional physical infrastructures ◆ A basic understanding of hardware and software components in standard x86 and x64 computing How to Contact the Authors We welcome feedback from you about this book or about books you’d like to see from us in the future. You can reach Nick by writing to nick@nickmarshall.com.au, by following him on Twitter (his username is @nickmarshall9), or by visiting his blog at www .nickmarshall.com.au. You can reach out to Mike by following him on Twitter (his username is @vcdx71) or by visiting his personal blog at www.vcdx71.com. You can reach out to Blair by following him on Twitter (his username is @TheVMBlair), or by visiting his blog at www.vmblair.com. You can reach Ryan by writing to ryan@tenthirtyam.org, by following @tenthirtyam on Twitter, or by visiting tenthirtyam.org for his occasional hypertext fragments
Chapter 1 Introducing VMware vSphere 6.7 VMware vSphere 6.7 builds on previous generations of VMware's enterprise-grade virtualization products that have been leading the industry since 2001. vSphere 6. 7 gives greater control performance, and extensibility with a focus on enabling workload security and mobility. With dynamic resource controls, high availability, and fault-tolerance features along with distributed resource management and operational tools included as part of the suite, IT administrators have all the tools they need to run an enterprise environment ranging from a few servers to tens of thousands of servers distributed among multiple clouds. IN THIS CHAPTER, YOU WILL LEARN TO Identify the role of each product in the vSphere product suite Recognize the interaction and dependencies between the products in the vSphere suite Understand how vSphere differs from other virtualization products Exploring VMware vSphere 6.7 VMware vSphere is a comprehensive collection of products and features that together provide a full array of enterprise virtualization functionality. The vSphere product suite includes the VMware EsXi VMware vCenter server phere Update Manager (VUM vSphere Virtual Symmetric Multi-Processing vSphere Distributed Resource Scheduler(DRS) vSphere Storage DRS(SDRS) Storage I/O Control(SIOC)and Network I/O Control(NIOC Sphere High Availability(Ha) Mastering VMware vSphere 6.7, First Edition. Nick Marshall, Mike Brown, G. Blair Fritz and Ryan Johnson @2019 John Wiley Sons, Inc. Published 2019 by John Wiley Sons, Inc
VMware vSphere 6.7 builds on previous generations of VMware’s enterprise-grade virtualization products that have been leading the industry since 2001. vSphere 6.7 gives greater control, performance, and extensibility with a focus on enabling workload security and mobility. With dynamic resource controls, high availability, and fault-tolerance features along with distributed resource management and operational tools included as part of the suite, IT administrators have all the tools they need to run an enterprise environment ranging from a few servers to tens of thousands of servers distributed among multiple clouds. IN THIS CHAPTER, YOU WILL LEARN TO ◆ Identify the role of each product in the vSphere product suite ◆ Recognize the interaction and dependencies between the products in the vSphere suite ◆ Understand how vSphere differs from other virtualization products Exploring VMware vSphere 6.7 VMware vSphere is a comprehensive collection of products and features that together provide a full array of enterprise virtualization functionality. The vSphere product suite includes the following products and main features: ◆ VMware ESXi ◆ VMware vCenter Server ◆ vSphere Update Manager (VUM) ◆ vSphere Virtual Symmetric Multi-Processing ◆ vSphere vMotion and Storage vMotion ◆ vSphere Distributed Resource Scheduler (DRS) ◆ vSphere Storage DRS (SDRS) ◆ Storage I/O Control (SIOC) and Network I/O Control (NIOC) ◆ Storage-Based Policy Management (SBPM) ◆ vSphere High Availability (HA) Introducing VMware vSphere 6.7 Chapter 1 Mastering VMware vSphere ® 6.7, First Edition. Nick Marshall, Mike Brown, G. Blair Fritz and Ryan Johnson. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc
2CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCING VMWARE vSPHERE 6.7 here Fault Tolerance(ft) Sphere Storage APIs VMware Virtual SAN (VSAN) vSphere Replication vSphere Content Library Rather than waiting to introduce these products and features in their own chapters, we will introduce each product or feature in the following sections. This will allow us to explain how each one affects the design, installation, and configuration of your virtual infrastructure. After we cover the features and products in vSphere, you'll have a better g how each of them fits into the design and the big picture of virtualization. Certain products outside the vSphere product suite extend the vSphere product line with new functionality. These additional products include VMware Horizon View, VMware vRealize Automation, and VMware vCenter Site Recovery Manager, just to name a few. VMware even offers bundles of vSphere and these other products in the vCloud Suite to make it easier for users to purchase and consume the products in their environments. However, because of the size and scope of these products, they are not covered in this book As of this writing, VMware vSphere 6.7 is the latest release of the VMware vSphere product family. This book covers functionality found in version 6.7. Where possible, weve tried to note differences between vSphere versions. For detailed information on other vSphere versions, refer to the previous books in the Mastering VMware DSphere series, also published by Sybex. o To help simplify navigation and to help you find information on the breadth of products and ntures in the vSphere product suite, weve prepared Table 1. 1, which contains cross-references to where you can find more information about a particular product or feature elsewhere in the book. TABLE 1.1 Product and feature cross-References VMWARE VSPHERE PRODUCT OR FEATURE CHAPTERS WHERE THIS IS COVERED VMware ESXi Networking: -Ch VMware vCenter Server torage: -Chapter 6 Update Manager vSphere Host Client and vSphere Web Sphere Host Client: Chapter 2 VMware rEalize Orchestrator and Power CLI Chapter 14
2 | CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCING VMWARE vSPHERE 6.7 ◆ vSphere Fault Tolerance (FT) ◆ vSphere Storage APIs ◆ VMware Virtual SAN (vSAN) ◆ vSphere Replication ◆ vSphere Content Library Rather than waiting to introduce these products and features in their own chapters, we will introduce each product or feature in the following sections. This will allow us to explain how each one affects the design, installation, and configuration of your virtual infrastructure. After we cover the features and products in vSphere, you’ll have a better grasp of how each of them fits into the design and the big picture of virtualization. Certain products outside the vSphere product suite extend the vSphere product line with new functionality. These additional products include VMware Horizon View, VMware vRealize Automation, and VMware vCenter Site Recovery Manager, just to name a few. VMware even offers bundles of vSphere and these other products in the vCloud Suite to make it easier for users to purchase and consume the products in their environments. However, because of the size and scope of these products, they are not covered in this book. As of this writing, VMware vSphere 6.7 is the latest release of the VMware vSphere product family. This book covers functionality found in version 6.7. Where possible, we’ve tried to note differences between vSphere versions. For detailed information on other vSphere versions, refer to the previous books in the Mastering VMware vSphere series, also published by Sybex. To help simplify navigation and to help you find information on the breadth of products and features in the vSphere product suite, we’ve prepared Table 1.1, which contains cross-references to where you can find more information about a particular product or feature elsewhere in the book. Table 1.1: Product and Feature Cross-References VMware vSphere product or feature Chapters where this is covered VMware ESXi Installation:—Chapter 2 Networking:—Chapter 5 Storage:—Chapter 6 VMware vCenter Server Installation:—Chapter 3 Networking:—Chapter 5 Storage:—Chapter 6 Security:—Chapter 8 vSphere Update Manager Chapter 4 vSphere Host Client and vSphere Web Client vSphere Host Client: Chapter 2 vSphere Web Client: Chapter 3 VMware vRealize Orchestrator and PowerCLI Chapter 14