KI for Design of Complex Systems Characteristics of Design Thinking Good Design Thinking is characterized by: N Functional (vs.physical)thinking Synthesis (vs.analysis)thinking System (vs.component)thinking ■ Constructionist (vs.determinist)thinking Solution-neutral (vs.solution-specific)thinking Need-driven (vs.physics-pull)thinking Demand-side (vs.supply-side)thinking Price-based (vs.cost-based)thinking Top-down (vs.bottom-up)thinking Socio-technical (vs.pure-technical)thinking Fall 2007 Stephen Lu KAIST Study Design Thinking to Make Design of Complex Systems Simple 11
Characteristics of Design Thinking Characteristics of Design Thinking Good Design Thinking is characterized by: ine Good Design Thinking is characterized by: Functional (vs. physical) thinking ecture 2 Outl S y ( y) g nthesis (vs. anal ysis ) thinkin g System (vs. component) thinking Constructionist (vs. determinist) thinking Le Solution-neutral (vs. solution-specific) thinking Need-driven (vs. physics-pull) thinking D d eman d-sid ( l e (vs. supply-sid ) thi ki id e ) thi nking Price-based (vs. cost-based) thinking Top -down (vs bottom -up) thinking Fall 2007 © Stephen Lu @ KAIST [ Study Design Thinking to Make Design of Complex Systems Simple ] 11 Top -down (vs. bottom -up) thinking Socio-technical (vs. pure-technical) thinking
KI for Design of Complex Systems KORER ADVANCED INSTITUTE CF SCIEHCE AHD TECHHCLOOY The Result of Design:Artifacts ◆What is an Artifact? m Artifacts are man-made things(or systems)that are both purposeful and functional Technical artifacts (i.e.,engineered systems) They must be purposeful on the competitive market Designers must appreciate the sciences of the artificial (social reality)as core drivers in their design thinking Purposes can be rationalized with bounded human preferences They must be functional in the physical world Designs must obey the sciences of the nature(brute reality)as hard constraints in their design thinking Functions can be optimized with sufficient domain knowledge To design good artifacts,both rationality and optimality must be considered in Design Thinking Fall 2007 Stephen Lu KAIST Study Design Thinking to Make Design of Complex Systems Simple
The Result of Design: Artifacts of Design: Artifacts ine What is an Artifact? What is an Artifact? Artifacts are man-made things (or systems) that are both purposeful and functional Technical artifacts (i e engineered systems) ecture 3 Outl Technical artifacts (i.e., engineered systems) They must be purposeful on the competitive market Designers must appreciate the sciences of the artificial (social reality) as core drivers in their design thinking L e ) as core drivers in their design thinking Purposes can be rationalized with bounded human preferences They must be functional in the physical world Designs must obey the sciences of the nature ( Designs must obey the sciences of the nature (brute reality brute reality) as hard constraints in their design thinking Functions can be optimized with sufficient domain knowledge To design good artifacts both rationality and optimality Fall 2007 © Stephen Lu @ KAIST [ Study Design Thinking to Make Design of Complex Systems Simple ] 12 To design good artifacts, both rationality and optimality must be considered in Design Thinking
KI for Design of Complex Systems Rationality and Optimality in Design Rationality in Design (i.e.,Do-the-Right-Thing) m First,designers must choose the right design targets to stimulate customer demands This is a synthesis process(CNs>FRs)based on social reality Optimality in Design (i.e.,Do-the-Thing-Right) Then,designers must optimize the design parameters to maximize system performances This is an analysis process(DPs>PVs)based on brute reality Good Design Thinking must support the integrate between rationality(social reality)and optimality(brute reality) Designers must properly manage the integration between "do-the- right-thing"with "do-the-thing-right"in design thinking This integration task occurs during conceptual design(FRs>DPs) Design Thinking must have strong support to conceptual design Fall 2007 Stephen Lu KAIST Study Design Thinking to Make Design of Complex Systems Simple 13
Rationality and Optimality in Design Rationality and Optimality in Design ine Rationality in Design (i.e., Do Rationality in Design (i.e., Do -the -Right -Thing) First, designers must choose the right design targets to stimulate customer demands e This is a synthesis process (CNs Æ FRs) based on social reality cture 3 Outl This is a synthesis process (CNs Æ FRs) based on social reality Optimality in Design (i.e., Do-the-Thing-Right) Then, designers must optimize the design parameters to maximize system performances Le system performances This is an analysis process (DPs Æ PVs) based on brute reality Good Design Thinking must support the integrate between rati lit ( i l lit ) d ti lit (b t lit ) tionality (social realit y ) an d optimality (bru te realit y ) Designers must properly manage the integration between “do-theright-thing” with “do-the-thing-right” in design thinking Fall 2007 © Stephen Lu @ KAIST [ Study Design Thinking to Make Design of Complex Systems Simple ] 13 This integration task occurs during conceptual design (FRs Æ DPs) Design Thinking must have strong support to conceptual design
KI for Design of Complex Systems The Framework of Design Thinking A framework is a conceptual architecture of Design 寸 Thinking that has the ability of systematically: Organizing different types of design decisions into separate domains Specifications of design targets(i.e.,WHAT decisions)and generations of design concepts(i.e.,HOW decisions)must be treated separately and organized independently into distinctive domains Managing the dependency relations during design process Dependencies between design decisions can be managed by tracking the mapping operations between two adjacent design domains Controlling the abstraction levels during design process Abstractions of design decisions can be controlled by decompositions into different layers of a hierarchy (within each separate domain) Integrating dependency and abstraction during the design process Good Design Thinking leads to a clear organization of dependencies between domains and the abstraction between layers of an artifact Fall 2007 Stephen Lu KAIST Study Design Thinking to Make Design of Complex Systems Simple 14
The Framework of Design Thinking of Design Thinking ine A framework is a conceptual architecture of Design A framework is a conceptual architecture of Design Thinking that has the ability of systematically: Organizing different types of design decisions into separate domains Specifications of design targets (i e WHAT decisions) and generations ecture 4 Outl Specifications of design targets (i.e., WHAT decisions) and generations of design concepts (i.e., HOW decisions) must be treated separately and organized independently into distinctive domains Managing the dependency relations during design process L e Managing the dependency relations during design process Dependencies between design decisions can be managed by tracking the mapping operations between two adjacent design domains Controlling the Controlling the abstraction abstraction levels during design process levels during design process Abstractions of design decisions can be controlled by decompositions into different layers of a hierarchy (within each separate domain) Integrating dependency and abstraction during the design process Fall 2007 © Stephen Lu @ KAIST [ Study Design Thinking to Make Design of Complex Systems Simple ] 14 Integrating dependency and abstraction during the design process Good Design Thinking leads to a clear organization of dependencies between domains and the abstraction between layers of an artifact
KI for Design of Complex Systems KORER ADVANCED INSTITUTE CF SCIEHCE AHD TECHHCLOOY Example Framework:ADAxiomatic-Design The Axiomatic Design (AD)Approach: aulpno (Design the Right Thing) 寸 Customer Functional Physical Process Domain Domain Domain Domain Technical Who? WInt? H w Functional Design Conceptual DesignTechnical Design 曲 Why? What? Social Preference of the Customer pesign Thinking > Physics of the Nature (Design the Thing Right) Fall 2007 Stephen Lu KAIST Study Design Thinking to Make Design of Complex Systems Simple 15
Example Framework: AD Example Framework: ADAxiomatic-Design neThe Axiomatic Design (AD) Approach: Customer Domain Functional Domain Physical Domain Process Domain (Design the Right Thing) cture 4 Outlin What? How ? Technical Who? Lec Functional Design Conceptual Design Technical Design What? How ? Social P f f th C t h k Ph i f th N t Why? Fall 2007 © Stephen Lu @ KAIST [ Study Design Thinking to Make Design of Complex Systems Simple ] 15 (Design the Thing Right) Pre ference o f the Cus tomer Desi gn T hin kin g Physics o f the N a ture