苏格拉底之死与毒芹 CH3 毒芹碱Coniine 毒芹Conium maculatum 《苏格拉底之死》是法国 画家雅克·达维特在1787年 俗称Poison hemlock 创作的油画 毒芹碱(coniine)是代表毒参主要毒性作用的生物碱，无色碱性油状液体。n 1827 isolated,Coniine was the first alkaloid to have its structure established (Schiff, 1870)and to be synthesized in1889 by Albert Ladenburg (1842-1911). 毒芹碱及其盐均是剧毒品，但在小量使用时具有抗痉挛的生理作用。 公元前399年，苏格拉底因喝下含有毒芹碱的混合物Hemlock)而中毒身亡
Cicutoxin毒芹素 HO Cicutoxin毒芹素 毒芹Cicuta virosa L. Cicutoxin was first isolated by C.A.Jacobsen in 1915.In 1953,the structure of the toxin was determined.The first synthesis of cicutoxin was reported in 1955,the researchers had a yield of only 4 percent.Given that they had no access to modern coupling reactions,this was a great accomplishment.The absolute configuration of cicutoxin was identified in 1999
Oenanthotoxin水芹毒素 Oenanthotoxin水芹毒素 花色水芹oenanthe crocata Oenanthotoxin is a toxin extracted from hemlock water dropwort (Oenanthe crocata)and other plants of the genus Oenanthe. It was isolated firstly in 1876 and crystallized in 1949 by Clarke and co-workers.It is structurally closely related to the toxins cicutoxin and carotatoxin.Oenanthotoxin is a C17 polyacetylene isomer of cicutoxin
Margarita Photodermatitis玛格丽塔光皮炎 Furanocoumarin Phytophotodermatitis Heracleum mantegazzianum 伞形科独活 大猪草(Giant Hogweed)是很高的植物，寿命有 两年，人体若接触到大猪草的液汁，与阳光产生光合 作用，可能会出现水泡或红肿等皮肤反应，若触及眼 睛，轻则灼伤眼睛，严重可能失明。Descripted by Peter Edward Darrell Darrell Wilkinson,a British dermatologist in the 1950s. Sheldon Wilkinson (1919-2009)
Cow Parsnip白芷 欧前胡素Imperatorin 佛手柑内酯Bergapten Skin Reaction:Cow parsnip juices contain a phototoxin that acts on contact with skin,triggered by exposure to ultraviolet light.Reaction differs sharply among individuals-from next to nothing to a mild rash to blistering and severe dermatitis,depending on the sensitivity of the individual.Typically,heat intensifes the symptoms.The light-triggered reaction happens quickly