Systems Power Density Estimating datacenter power density difficult (15+ year horizon) k Power is 40% of dc costs k Power Mechanical: 55% of cost Shell is roughly 15%of dc cost Cheaper to waste floor than power Typically 100 to 200 W/sq ft Rarely as high as 350 to 600 W/sq ft Modular DC eliminates impossible shell to po wentrade Add modules until power is absorbed 480VAC to container High efficiency DC distribution within High voltage to rack can save >5%over 208 202142/2007 11
Systems & Power Density 2021/2/8 1/21/2007 11 11 Estimating datacenter power density difficult (15+ year horizon) Power is 40% of DC costs Power + Mechanical: 55% of cost Shell is roughly 15% of DC cost Cheaper to waste floor than power Typically 100 to 200 W/sq ft Rarely as high as 350 to 600 W/sq ft Modular DC eliminates impossible shell to power trade-off Add modules until power is absorbed 480VAC to container High efficiency DC distribution within High voltage to rack can save >5% over 208VAC
Outline a Data center introduction Data Center Network architectures Fat-Tree Vl2 dcell BCube FiOnn 2021/2/8 12
Outline Data Center Introduction Data Center Network Architectures Fat-Tree VL2 DCell BCube FiConn 2021/2/8 12
Data Center Networking Major Theme: What are new networking issues posed by large scale data centers? Network architecture? Topology design? Addressing Routing? Forwarding 13
Data Center Networking Major Theme: What are new networking issues posed by largescale data centers? Network Architecture? Topology design? Addressing? Routing? Forwarding? 13
Data center Interconnection structure Nodes in the system: racks of servers How are the nodes (racks )inter-connected? Typically a hierarchical inter-connection structure Today's typical data center structure Cisco recommended data center structure starting from the bottom level k rack switches 1-2 layers of (layer-2)aggregation switches access routers * core routers Is such an architecture good enough? 14
Data Center Interconnection Structure Nodes in the system: racks of servers How are the nodes (racks) inter-connected? Typically a hierarchical inter-connection structure Today’s typical data center structure Cisco recommended data center structure: starting from the bottom level rack switches 1-2 layers of (layer-2) aggregation switches access routers core routers Is such an architecture good enough? 14
Cisco Recommended dc structure lllustration Internet Internet Data center ayer 3 A AR ayer LB B Key cr= L3 Core router ·AR=L3 Access router S=L2 Switch LB Load Balancer A AA A A= Rack of 20 servers with Top of Rack switch 15
Cisco Recommended DC Structure: Illustration 15 Internet CR CR AR AR … AR AR LB S S LB Data Center Layer 3 Internet S S … S S … … Layer 2 Key: • CR = L3 Core Router • AR = L3 Access Router • S = L2 Switch • LB = Load Balancer • A = Rack of 20 servers with Top of Rack switch