DIAORDERSOF WHITE CELL NUMBER Neutrophilia Figure 3. 20 Causes of neutrophilia Physiological response (fear, excitement, exercise Stress/corticosteroid-induced Acute inflammatory response: bacterial infection (localized generalized immune-mediated isease necrosis,e.g pancreatitis, neoplasia, especially with tumor necrosis Chronic granulocytic leukaemia Neutrophil dysfunction Paraneoplastic syndromes
DISORDERS OF WHITE CELL NUMBER Neutrophilia Figure 3.20 Causes of neutrophilia Physiological response (fear, excitement, exercise) Stress/corticosteroid-induced Acute inflammatory response: bacterial infection (localized or generalized), immune-mediated disease, necrosis,e.g.pancreatitis, neoplasia, especially with tumor necrosis. Chronic granulocytic leukaemia Neutrophil dysfunction Paraneoplastic syndromes
DIAORDERSOF WHITE CELL NUMBER neutropenia The three main causes of neutropenia are: An overwhelming demand for neutrophils Reduced production of neutrophils in the bone marrow Defective neutrophil maturation in the bone marrow f An overwhelming demand for neutrophils may occur with peracute bacterial infections, especially Gram-negative sepsis and endotoxaemia 1 Other possible causes include peritonitis, pyometra(子宫蓄脓) aspiration pneumonia and canine parvovirus Infection
Neutropenia The three main causes of neutropenia are: • An overwhelming demand for neutrophils • Reduced production of neutrophils in the bone marrow • Defective neutrophil maturation in the bone marrow. An overwhelming demand for neutrophils may occur with peracute bacterial infections, especially Gram-negative sepsis and endotoxaemia. Other possible causes include peritonitis, pyometra（子宫蓄脓）, aspiration pneumonia and canine parvovirus infection. DISORDERS OF WHITE CELL NUMBER
DIAORDERSOF WHITE CELL NUMBER Eosinophilia Eosinophils are distributed in the body among various pools in a similar way to neutrophils, although the bone marrow storage pool is minimal Eosinophils circulate in the bloodstream for only a few hours before entering the tissues, where they may live for several days. Their two main functions are to kill parasites and to regulate allergic and inflammatory reactions Eosinopenia Eosinopenia in combination with lymphopenia occurs following stress, administration of corticosteroids and in spontaneous yperadrenocorticism(Cushings syndrome) Basophilia Basophils contain inflammatory mediators such as histamine and heparin and function in a similar manner to mast cells in hypersensitivity reactions
Eosinophilia Eosinophils are distributed in the body among various pools in a similar way to neutrophils, although the bone marrow storage pool is minimal. Eosinophils circulate in the bloodstream for only a few hours before entering the tissues, where they may live for several days. Their two main functions are to kill parasites and to regulate allergic and inflammatory reactions. Eosinopenia Eosinopenia in combination with lymphopenia occurs following stress, administration of corticosteroids and in spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing's syndrome). Basophilia Basophils contain inflammatory mediators such as histamine and heparin and function in a similar manner to mast cells in hypersensitivity reactions. DISORDERS OF WHITE CELL NUMBER
DIAORDERSOF WHITE CELL NUMBER Lymphocytosis Causes of lymphocytosis Physiological lymphocytosis, with concomitant neutrophilia, in response to excitement (especially cats) 2. Strong immune stimulation(e.g in chronic infection, viraemia or immune-mediated disease) 3. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia 4. Hypoadrenocortiscism(lymphocytosis may be associated with an eosinophilia) 5. Increased numbers of large reactive lymphocytes may occur transiently following vaccination 6. Young animals have a higher lymphocyte count than adult animals
Lymphocytosis Causes of lymphocytosis 1. Physiological lymphocytosis, with concomitant neutrophilia, in response to excitement (especially cats) 2. Strong immune stimulation (e.g. in chronic infection, viraemia or immune-mediated disease) 3. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia 4. Hypoadrenocortiscism (lymphocytosis may be associated with an eosinophilia) 5. Increased numbers of large reactive lymphocytes may occur transiently following vaccination 6. Young animals have a higher lymphocyte count than adult animals DISORDERS OF WHITE CELL NUMBER
DIAORDERSOF WHITE CELL NUMBER Lymphopenia Causes of lymphopenia are listed. Stress Glucocorticoid therapy hyperadrenocorticism Chylothorax (loss of lymphocytes into the pleural space) ymphangiectasia (loss of lymphocytes into the gut) Acute phase of most viral infections(e.g. canine distemper, parvovirus, FeLv Septicaemia/endotoxaemia
Lymphopenia Causes of lymphopenia are listed. Stress Glucocorticoid therapy Hyperadrenocorticism Chylothorax (loss of lymphocytes into the pleural space) Lymphangiectasia (loss of lymphocytes into the gut) Acute phase of most viral infections (e.g. canine distemper, parvovirus, FeLV) Septicaemia/endotoxaemia DISORDERS OF WHITE CELL NUMBER