《卫生经济学》课程参考文献（WHO年度报告）：World Health Report 2005_Make every mother and child count_Annexes2.pdf_P21-P25

Guatemala Figures computed by WHO to ensure comparability; they are not necessarily the official statistics of Member States, which may use alternative rigorous methods 1 Basic indicators for all WHo Member states POPULATION ESTIMATES 19932003 Total population (000) 12347 Annual growth rate( %) Dependency ratio(per 100) Percentage of population aged 60+ye 924 LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH (year Both sexes 66 64 Uncertainty 62-65 PROBABILITY OF DYING(per 1000) Both sexes Under age 5 years (under-5 mortality rate y 2003 Uncertainty 40-5445553948 Between ages 15 and 60 years (adult mortality rate) 2003 165 246-332 See explanatory notes for sources and methods bUnder-five mortality rate is the probability (expressed as per 1000 live births)of a child born in a specific year dying before reaching five years of age, if subjected to current age-specific ortality rates. 2a Under-five mortality rates: estimates for 2003, annual average percent change 1990-2003, and availability of data 1980-2003 Under-5 mortality rate(both sexes) Data from available sources Annual average percent change 1980-1989 1990-1999 2000-2003 Latest available ye 1990-1994 1995-1999 VRSRS Survey/Census VRSRSSuvey/Census VR/ Sunvey/CensusVRSRS' -4.8 3.7 -3.9 10 2 1999 ortality rate is the probab ressed as per 1000 live births)of a child born in a specif ic year dying before reaching five years of age, if subjected to current age- specif ic mortality rates. The estimates presented here are the same as those published in Annex Table 1. See explanatory notes for sources and methods b The column"VR/SRS-vital registration/sample registration system shows the number of years of data from either system available at WHO The column"Survey/Census " shows the number of surveys and censuses available at WHO Not available 2b Under-five mortality rates(per 1000 directly obtained from surveys and vital registration, broken down by age and latest available period or year Under-5 Post-neonatal 0-4 years 5 months 6-11 months totaf 0-11 months 12-23 manths 24-59 months total" 1995-1999DHS 59 11 22 6 Results are computed from nationally representative surveys based on a standard method or vital registration without ay adjustment. Care should be exercised when making inter- the results are not directly comparable since the method of calculation varies depending on sources and there are different degrees of completeness of vital registration data submitted by Member States. See explanatory notes for definition of age groups ta from national vital registration systems refer to specific years whereas for surveys the results refer to a five-year period cVR: vital registration DHS: Demographic and Health Survey Data from vital registration reported to WHO are not sufficiently detailed to permit the calculation of post neonatal mortality rates for 28 days-5 months and 6-11 months. e Totals are not equivalent to the sum of the rates of the component age groups since the figures provided are probabilities of dying rather than rates in the strict sense Not available Page 1 of3

1 2003 --- --- - - 2a 2b b Data from national vital registration systems refer to specific years whereas for surveys the results refer to a five-year period. c VR: vital registration; DHS: Demographic and Health Survey. d Data from vital registration reported to WHO are not sufficiently detailed to permit the calculation of post neonatal mortality rates for 28 days-5 months and 6-11 months. e Totals are not equivalent to the sum of the rates of the component age groups since the figures provided are probabilities of dying rather than rates in the strict sense. … Not available. 289 246 332 165 132 202 39 44 48 2003 Uncertainty Between ages 15 and 60 years (adult mortality rate) Figures computed by WHO to ensure comparabilitya ; they are not necessarily the official statistics of Member States, which may use alternative rigorous methods. Males Females 68 62 Both sexes 50 65 68 71 64 69 5.3 4.4 2003 47 PROBABILITY OF DYING (per 1000) Under age 5 years (under-5 mortality rateb ) Both sexes 2003 12347 2.7 95 86 Total population (000) POPULATION ESTIMATES Annual growth rate (%) Dependency ratio (per 100) 45 55 Percentage of population aged 60+ years Uncertainty 40 LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH (years) Uncertainty Total fertility rate 5.2 5.4 a See explanatory notes for sources and methods. b Under-five mortality rate is the probability (expressed as per 1000 live births) of a child born in a specific year dying before reaching five years of age, if subjected to current age-specific mortality rates. VR/SRSb Survey/Censusc 1995-1999 DHS 59 22 45 Child 24-59 months totale 2 Source c Under-5 0-4 years 14 1980-1989 a Under-five mortality rate is the probability (expressed as per 1000 live births) of a child born in a specific year dying before reaching five years of age, if subjected to current agespecific mortality rates. The estimates presented here are the same as those published in Annex Table 1. See explanatory notes for sources and methods. 4 VR/SRSb 9 1999 Neonatal 28 days- 5 months Post-neonatald 11 totale 23 a Results are computed from nationally representative surveys based on a standard method or vital registration without any adjustment. Care should be exercised when making intercountry comparisons as the results are not directly comparable since the method of calculation varies depending on sources and there are different degrees of completeness of vital registration data submitted by Member States. See explanatory notes for definition of age groups. 12-23 months 6 Period or yearb Infant totale 12 8 0-11 months Survey/Censusc VR/SRSb Survey/Censusc VR/SRSb Survey/Censusc 1990-1999 2000-2003 Latest available year Page 1 of 3 - Guatemala Guatemala 66 Under-5 mortality rate (both sexes)a Data from available sources 1993 65 54 Males Females 10 0 0 1999 b The column "VR /SRS" - vital registration/sample registration system shows the number of years of data from either system available at WHO. c The column "Survey/Census" shows the number of surveys and censuses available at WHO. … Not available. 0-27 days 6-11 months Under-five mortality rates (per 1000) directly obtained from surveys and vital registration, broken down by age and latest available period or year Under-five mortality rates: estimates for 2003, annual average percent change 1990-2003, and availability of data 1980-2003 Basic indicators for all WHO Member States Annual average percent change 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2003 -4.8 -3.7 -3.9

5 Selected national health accounts indicators: measured levels of expenditure on health 1998-2002 19981999200020012002 Total expenditure on health as of gross domestic product 444748484.8 General government expenditure on health as of total expenditure on health 47.4483486483475 Private expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on health 526517514517525 General government expenditure on health as of total govemment expenditure 1717172166 Extemal resources for health as % of total expenditure on health ocial security expenditure on health as of general government expenditure on health 55.3 54.8 54.8 54.1 56.4 Out-of-Pocket expenditure as of private expenditure on health 93285686.2857862 Private Prepaid plans as of private expenditure on health 54 5352 See explanatory notes for sources and methods. b In some cases the sum of the ratios of general govemment and private expenditures on health may not add to 100 because of rounding Information on expenditures by parastatal and other ministries ( except Badan Koordinasi Keluarga Berencana Nasional-BKKBN) were avaiable for onty 2001 and 2002. d These are preliminary estimates while awaiting final confirmation on Oil for Food programme expenditures. Data do not include expenditures in the three northern governorates. e Health data for year 2002 have I aly developed by WHO, as they are not yet available through the oECD Health Data 2004. Used when the information accessed indicates that a cell should have an entry but no estimates could be made Used when no evidence of the schemes to which the ce relates exist. Some estimates yielding a ratio below 0.04% are showm as i 6 National health accounts indicators: measured levels of per capita expenditure on health 1998-2002 19981999200020012002 per capita total expenditure on health at average exchange rate(USS) 7878818693 Per capita total expenditure on health at international dollar rate 170185192197199 Per capita government expenditure on health at average exchange rate(USS) 3738394144 Per capita government expenditure on health at international dollar rate 8089939594 a See explanatory notes for sources and methods. the exchange rate changed from 2.15 Won in 2001 to 152 Won in 2002, drastically affecting total health expenditure and general government health expenditure in US dollars between the two years These are preliminary estimates while awaiting final confirmation on Oil for Food programme expenditures Data do not include expenditures in the three northern governorates d Health data for year 2002 have been largely developed by WHo, as they were not yet available through the OECD Health Data 2004 e Official exchange rates have been used n/a' Used when the information accessed indicates that a cell should have an entry but no figures were available 7 Selected immunization indicators in all wHo Member states ewboms immunized with BCG 2003(%) 1-year-olds immunized with 3 doses of DTP 2003(%) children under 2 years immunized with 1 dose of measles 2003(%) 8下 not In schedule 1-year-olds immunized with 3 doses of Hib vaccine 2003(%) at rsk not In schedule 1-year-olds immunized with yellow fever vaccine 2003(%) Districts achieving at least 80%DTP3 coverage 2003(%) 96 Children born in 2003 protected against tetanus by vaccination of their mothers with tetanus toxoid(PAB)(%6) n/a Pregnant women immunized with two or more doses of tetanus toxoid 2003(%) Number of diseases covered by routine immunization before 24 months 2003 8 Was a 2nd opportunity provided for measles immunization? Vitamin A distribution linked with routine immunization 2003 Yes Number of wild polio cases reported 2004(as of25/01/05) Country polio eradication status 2004 certifled pollo free Use of auto-disable (AD)syringes 2003 exclusive AD use se of vaccine of assured quality 2003 Total routine vaccine spending financed using government funds 2003 (%) See explanatory notes for sources and methods. n.d.= no data reported Page2of3· guatemala

5 6 7 199 37 185 38 Out-of-Pocket expenditure as % of private expenditure on health Private Prepaid plans as % of private expenditure on health 4.5 1.4 4.4 Social security expenditure on health as % of general government expenditure on health External resources for health as % of total expenditure on health Per capita government expenditure on health at international dollar rate 89 General government expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on health b Private expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on health b General government expenditure on health as % of total government expenditure not in schedule Newborns immunized with BCG 2003 (%) 1-year-olds immunized with 3 doses of DTP 2003 (%) children under 2 years immunized with 1 dose of measles 2003 (%) 1-year-olds immunized with 3 doses of hepatitis B 2003 (%) 5.4 5.3 a See explanatory notes for sources and methods. b In some cases the sum of the ratios of general government and private expenditures on health may not add to 100 because of rounding. c Information on expenditures by parastatal and other ministries (except Badan Koordinasi Keluarga Berencana Nasional -BKKBN) were avaiable for only 2001 and 2002. d These are preliminary estimates while awaiting final confirmation on Oil for Food programme expenditures. Data do not include expenditures in the three northern governorates. e Health data for year 2002 have been largely developed by WHO, as they are not yet available through the OECD Health Data 2004. n/a Used when the information accessed indicates that a cell should have an entry but no estimates could be made. 0 Used when no evidence of the schemes to which the cell relates exist. Some estimates yielding a ratio below 0.04% are shown as 0. Number of diseases covered by routine immunization before 24 months 2003 Pregnant women immunized with two or more doses of tetanus toxoid 2003 (%) Was a 2nd opportunity provided for measles immunization? at risk not in schedule 86 4.7 Children born in 2003 protected against tetanus by vaccination of their mothers with tetanus toxoid (PAB) (%) n/a 96 n/a exclusive AD use Use of vaccine of assured quality 2003 Total expenditure on health as % of gross domestic product 4.4 4.8 4.8 2002 15.4 17.2 16.6 48.3 48.3 4.8 52.6 51.4 51.7 47.4 48.6 47.5 Per capita total expenditure on health at average exchange rate (US$) 81 93 5.3 5.2 17 17 55.3 54.8 56.4 Per capita total expenditure on health at international dollar rate Per capita government expenditure on health at average exchange rate (US$) 86.2 85.7 51.7 52.5 170 86.2 4.5 85.6 5.4 5.2 93.2 54.8 54.1 Guatemala 192 197 41 1-year-olds immunized with 3 doses of Hib vaccine 2003 (%) 1-year-olds immunized with yellow fever vaccine 2003 (%) Districts achieving at least 80% DTP3 coverage 2003 (%) Total routine vaccine spending financed using government funds 2003 (%) Page 2 of 3 - 1999 a See explanatory notes for sources and methods. b the exchange rate changed from 2.15 Won in 2001 to 152 Won in 2002, drastically affecting total health expenditure and general government health expenditure in US dollars between the two years. c These are preliminary estimates while awaiting final confirmation on Oil for Food programme expenditures. Data do not include expenditures in the three northern governorates. d Health data for year 2002 have been largely developed by WHO, as they were not yet available through the OECD Health Data 2004. e Official exchange rates have been used. 'n/a' Used when the information accessed indicates that a cell should have an entry but no figures were available. 39 a See explanatory notes for sources and methods. n/a = not applicable n.d. = no data reported 97 83 93 75 2002 1998 2000 2000 78 78 44 80 2001 2001 Use of auto-disable (AD) syringes 2003 ND 8 95 94 1999 1998 National health accounts indicators: measured levels of per capita expenditure on health, 1998-2002 Selected national health accounts indicators: measured levels of expenditure on health, 1998-2002 Vitamin A distribution linked with routine immunization 2003 Number of wild polio cases reported 2004 (as of 25/01/05) Country polio eradication status 2004 certified polio free Selected immunization indicators in all WHO Member States Yes 0 Yes Yes 0

Guinea Figures computed by WHO to ensure comparability; they are not necessarily the official statistics of Member States, which may use alternative rigorous methods 1 Basic indicators for all WHo Member states POPULATION ESTIMATES 19932003 Total population (000) 8480 Annual growth rate( %) Dependency ratio(per 100) Percentage of population aged 60+ye 46 64 LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH (year Both sexes 51 53 Uncertainty 49-55 PROBABILITY OF DYING(per 1000) Both sexes Under age 5 years (under-5 mortality rate y 2003 165 Uncertainty 145175151 141-170 Between ages 15 and 60 years (adult mortality rate) 2003 See explanatory notes for sources and methods bUnder-five mortality rate is the probability (expressed as per 1000 live births)of a child born in a specific year dying before reaching five years of age, if subjected to current age-specific ortality rates. 2a Under-five mortality rates: estimates for 2003, annual average percent change 1990-2003, and availability of data 1980-2003 Under-5 mortality rate(both sexes) Data from available sources Annual average percent change 1980-1989 1990-1999 2000-2003 Latest available ye 1990-1994 1995-1999 VRSRS Survey/Census VRSRSSurvey/Census VR/SRs Sunvey/Census"VRIRS Suney/Census -3.4 -29 0 2 1999 ortality rate is the probab ressed as per 1000 live births)of a child born in a specif ic year dying before reaching five years of age, if subjected to current age- specif ic mortality rates. The estimates presented here are the same as those published in Annex Table 1. See explanatory notes for sources and methods b The column"VR/SRS-vital registration/sample registration system shows the number of years of data from either system available at WHO The column"Survey/Census " shows the number of surveys and censuses available at WHO Not available 2b Under-five mortality rates(per 1000 directly obtained from surveys and vital registration, broken down by age and latest available period or year Post-neonatal months 6-11 months total 0-11 months 12-23 manths 24-59 monthstotar' 1995-1999DHS 21 50 98 55 87 a Results are computed from nationally representat a standard method or vital registration without amy adjustment. Care should be exercised when making inter- the results are method of calculation varies depending on sources and there are different degrees of completeness of vital registration data submitted by Member States. See ta from national vital registration systems refer to specific years whereas for surveys the results refer to a five-year period cVR: vital registration DHS: Demographic and Health Survey Data from vital registration reported to WHO are not sufficiently detailed to permit the calculation of post neonatal mortality rates for 28 days-5 months and 6-11 months. e Totals are not equivalent to the sum of the rates of the component age groups since the figures provided are probabilities of dying rather than rates in the strict sense Not available Page 1 of 3- Guinea

1 2003 --- --- - - 2a 2b b Data from national vital registration systems refer to specific years whereas for surveys the results refer to a five-year period. c VR: vital registration; DHS: Demographic and Health Survey. d Data from vital registration reported to WHO are not sufficiently detailed to permit the calculation of post neonatal mortality rates for 28 days-5 months and 6-11 months. e Totals are not equivalent to the sum of the rates of the component age groups since the figures provided are probabilities of dying rather than rates in the strict sense. … Not available. 403 269 572 342 201 516 141 154 170 2003 Uncertainty Between ages 15 and 60 years (adult mortality rate) Figures computed by WHO to ensure comparabilitya ; they are not necessarily the official statistics of Member States, which may use alternative rigorous methods. Males Females 55 45 Both sexes 165 56 46 59 51 53 4.6 5.8 2003 160 PROBABILITY OF DYING (per 1000) Under age 5 years (under-5 mortality rateb ) Both sexes 2003 8480 2.2 92 88 Total population (000) POPULATION ESTIMATES Annual growth rate (%) Dependency ratio (per 100) 151 180 Percentage of population aged 60+ years Uncertainty 145 LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH (years) Uncertainty Total fertility rate 4.4 6.4 a See explanatory notes for sources and methods. b Under-five mortality rate is the probability (expressed as per 1000 live births) of a child born in a specific year dying before reaching five years of age, if subjected to current age-specific mortality rates. VR/SRSb Survey/Censusc 1995-1999 DHS 177 50 98 Child 24-59 months totale 2 Source c Under-5 0-4 years 87 1980-1989 a Under-five mortality rate is the probability (expressed as per 1000 live births) of a child born in a specific year dying before reaching five years of age, if subjected to current agespecific mortality rates. The estimates presented here are the same as those published in Annex Table 1. See explanatory notes for sources and methods. 0 VR/SRSb 0 1999 Neonatal 28 days- 5 months Post-neonatald 21 totale 48 a Results are computed from nationally representative surveys based on a standard method or vital registration without any adjustment. Care should be exercised when making intercountry comparisons as the results are not directly comparable since the method of calculation varies depending on sources and there are different degrees of completeness of vital registration data submitted by Member States. See explanatory notes for definition of age groups. 12-23 months 55 Period or yearb Infant totale 32 35 0-11 months Survey/Censusc VR/SRSb Survey/Censusc VR/SRSb Survey/Censusc 1990-1999 2000-2003 Latest available year Page 1 of 3 - Guinea Guinea 52 Under-5 mortality rate (both sexes)a Data from available sources 1993 49 175 Males Females 0 0 0 ... b The column "VR /SRS" - vital registration/sample registration system shows the number of years of data from either system available at WHO. c The column "Survey/Census" shows the number of surveys and censuses available at WHO. … Not available. 0-27 days 6-11 months Under-five mortality rates (per 1000) directly obtained from surveys and vital registration, broken down by age and latest available period or year Under-five mortality rates: estimates for 2003, annual average percent change 1990-2003, and availability of data 1980-2003 Basic indicators for all WHO Member States Annual average percent change 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2003 -2.8 -3.4 -2.9