一、定义 二、基本特征 三、群落的性质

一、概述 二、种内关系 三、种间竞争

一、概念 二、个体大小 三、生长与发育速度 四、繁殖 五、扩散

一、生物种的概念 二、环境及其类型 三、生态因子及其作用分析 四、生态因子的生态作用及生物的适应

一、地球上的生命 二、生态学的形成与发展 三、生态学研究的目的

1、地面风场 年平均风玫瑰图(以佛山为例) 风向频率及其风速V

Chapter 1.a Fable for Tomorrow There was once a town in the heart of america where all life seemed to live in harmony with its surroundings The town lay in the midst of a checkerboard of prosperous farms, with fields of grains and hillsides of orchards where in spring white clouds of bloom drifted

Pests and pesticides Pest: ANY UNWANTED organism that directly or indirectly interfere human activity is called a pest. Pesticides, or biocides are substances that can kill organisms that we consider to be undesirable The most widely used types of pesticides Insecticides Herbicides

Acute(急性) and chronic(慢性) toxicity Acute toxicity refers to a rapid and serious response to a high but short-lived dose Acute poisons interfere with essential physiological processes, leading to a variety symptoms of distress, even death Chronic toxicity refers to a time-lagged response to a relatively low but prolonged exposure

Plant nutrients Plant growth requires various nutrients Major nutrient elements: C,N, P trace elements: S, Si, Cl, I, and metallic elements(Fe, Mn, Cu, etc) The minor elements because of the low demand can Water y be supplied at adequate rates in natural