Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles The unifying theme in this section is the remarkable weakness of major faults. I will consider the diverse new evidence for weakness, and the evidence for high pore pressure localized in faults as a fundamental cause. With this background one can better understand why faults remain active even after large rotations with

Recognition of fault bend fold, detachment and decapitation has been possible despite the poor quality of the seismic. That was successful because of: A full integration of all disciplines including reservoir engineering petrophysics and geochemistry Vizualization in 3-D that made all members of the team speak the same language

Brittle deformation = the permanent change that occurs in a solid material due to the growth of fractures and/or sliding on fractures. A fracture is a surface of discontinuity (includes cracks, joints and faults). Faults result from shear stresses, and joints result from tensile stresses:

what you always wanted to know about folds, faults, and joints Stress = the force applied to a plane divided by the area of the plane

The change in volume or shape of an object that results from stress is called strain. The response of rocks to stress can be divided into - elastic response: rock returns to original shape - ductile or plastic response: permanent deformation without fracture; occurs above the so-called elastic limit

STRIKE - The direction of the line formed by the intersection of a horizontal plane with a bedding or fault plane. DIP - The angle formed by the intersection of a bedding or fault plane and the horizontal plane. The angle is measured in a vertical plane perpendicular to the strike

We will now approach the function A(a) from an entirely different point of view, i.e.,we will interpret the S-fabric in terms of strain1. (1.) We assume that the initial fabric is defined by a random orientation of surface, i.e.,that the ODF of the surface is uniform;

一、名词解释（20 分，每小题 2 分） 1. 递进变形；2. 枢纽；3. 张节理；4. 地垒与地堑；5. 水平断距； 6. 飞来峰和构造窗；7. 叶理；8. 流线；9. 韧性剪切带；10. 应变

一、名词解释（20 分，每小题 2 分） 1. 递进变形：从初始状态至最终状态之间，岩石变形的全过程，用于理解和描述变形 过程（演化）。）

一、解释下列术语： 1. 双重构造；2. 有效应力；3. 铲状断层；4. 花状构造；5. 石香肠构造与窗棂构造 二、主要断层构造岩中有碎裂岩、假玄武玻璃和糜棱岩。说明并比较这些断层岩的主要鉴别 特点，阐述它们的主要形成机制