Price wars are bad, especially with high fixed costs. They reduce current profits and erode customers' perception of product quality. Price wars are not inevitable. For example, the French and the Germans fight every fifty years but not every year. But collusion is illegal

损益表和资产负债表对于辨识资源可能会有所帮助。 即使有一些未知的优势无法从会计报 表上看出 琐碎的细项太多

“Relationship”-resources develop slowly The properties preventing imitation hamper transferability

在产品品质难以辨别的市场中,企业声誉的影响力可持续非常久。 如果产品品质很重要的话,竞争优势也会持续非常久

Income statements and balance sheets may help identify resources. Even unknown advantages lots of little things

In markets where quality is hard to observe, reputations last a long time If quality is important, competitive advantages tend to be long-lived

通常来讲,如果你不创造价値的话,别期望你会得 到任何价値。 批注:我自己的想法是就是因为只是单纯指品牌本身,所以才建议改成名称因为用名声比较容易会和 reputation混淆(这个名词也是常在品牌学中出现) 「别人花代价请你来加入战场」是一种特例,但这 种状况下你不太可能有高获利

In general, you can not expect to capture any value if you do not create any. Getting paid to play?\ is an exception, but is unlikely to yield very high profits

在许多不同的市场中,一个公司想要成功必需要结 合数种不同的资源。 有数种方式可以集结公司所需的资源,如

Many markets are such that a firm needs several resources to success Resources can be brought together in several ways Self-development acquire/be acquired