The Open Economy in the SR The Mundell-Fleming Model Model under floating ex-rate Model under fixed ex-rate Interest-rate- differentials Debate over floating v.s. fixed ex-rate Mundell-Fleming model with changing price level Model in large open economy

Effects of Policies on Real Ex--rate 1. Home fiscal policy (expansionary) →S→(S-)↓ → Domestic currency invested abroad↓ Domestic currency appreciates → Nominal ex--rate↑ → Real ex--rate↑(if prices do not change) Domestic goods become more expensive → Exports↓& imports↑

The Open Economy Why do countries trade with each other? \No nation was ever ruined by trade.\ -- Benjamin Franklin More varieties; higher quality; cheaper price

Government Debt Scale of govern. debt Is budget deficit correctly measured? Traditional view of govern. Debt Ricardian equivalence Other possible effects of govern. debt

The Macroeconomic Policy Debate William McChesney Martin The fed.'s job is to take away the punch bowl just as the party gets going 联储的工作是在宴会进行时拿走盛满酒的酒杯。 The economy is inherently unstable

Inflation, Unemployment, and the Phillips Curve Phillips Curve: relationship between inflation and unemployment A..Phillips (1958) \The relationship between unemployment and the rate of change of money wages in the united kingdom, 1861- 1957,\ Economica 25

Economics Studies human behavior Uncertainty ** It depends...*** on what?--- factors Why?--- intuitions How?--- logic Conclusions?

金融支付系统是金融业生存、发展、 参与竞争的重要基础。 80年代以后,经济的全球化促进金 融的全球化和一体化,各国金融支 付体系得到迅速发展

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第一节系统概述 第二节主要支付工具 第三节支付系统分类 第四节支付风险