Introduction There is substantial dissatisfaction with the federal personal and corporate income tax systems. One possibility is to adopt a consumption tax whose base is actual consumption. Another possibility is a tax on wealth, whose base is accumulated saving

Introduction Besides taxation, the government's' other major revenue source is borrowing. In this lesson, we will: Discuss problems with measuring size of debt Who bears the burden of the debt When is borrowing a suitable way to finance government expenditure

Introduction A corporation is a form of business organization in which ownership is usually represented by transferable stock certificates -Stockholders have limited liability Corporations are independent legal entities · Can make contracts, hold property, incur debt, sue, and be sued

Introduction A key policy question is how do households respond to the incentives presented in the U.S. tax code? We will examine: Labor supply -Saving Housing Portfolio Composition

Basic Structure Fiqure 15.1 shows the series of steps used to compute a person's tax liability. Step 1: Compute Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) Step 2: Convert AG/ into taxable income by subtracting exemptions and deductions Step 3: Compute tax due by applying a rate schedule, and subtracting tax credits

Optimal Commodity Taxation Assume that the goal is to finance expenditures with a minimum of excess burden. Assume lump sum taxes are infeasible 3 commodities: Good X. Y, and leisure

Introduction Are people unaffected by tax increase if they pay zero in taxes afterwards? No, consumption may have changed in response to the tax increase Bundle consumed is less desirable Excess burden is a loss of welfare above and beyond the tax revenues collected

Introduction Many policies center around whether the tax burden is distributed fairly. Not as simple as analyzing how much in taxes each person actually paid, because of tax-induced changes to price

Introduction Cost-benefit analysis is a set of practical procedures for guiding public expenditure decisions

What's Special About Health Care? Health care costs are large and growing fast Number of reasons why First Welfare Theorem may be violated Poor information(physician induced demand) Adverse selection and moral hazard Disease externalities