a. Extension of meaning b. Restriction of meaning c. Degeneration of meaning d. Elevation of meaning

（1) A word once reserved for female persons in high places is generalised to refer to people of all levels in a society:

Associative Meaning: In the United Nations, the non-English- speaking countries often refer to the Security council as“the highest organ”, but“the highest organoften has the sexual associations in the mind of the native speakers: man's genital organ. Some Vips sometimes call 'the Security Council“ this awesome organ',(含有 “不文之物”之意),or“August Body

The term lexicology contains two Greek morphemes: lexikon and logie. The former means \word, the latter means“learningor“the study of

Partl Listening and Speaking Activities Part ll Reading Comprehension and Language Activities Part Extended Activities

PartI Listening and Speaking Activities Part ll Reading Comprehension and Language Activities Part Extended Activities

unit 1 Somcone Waiting Part I Listening and Speaking Activities Part ll Reading Comprehension and Language Activities Part Extended Activities

The family enjoys playing with the cute baby. To them, happiness means staying with and taking care of the baby

\Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, IThe wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed to me. I lift my lamp beside the golden door

John Foster/Masterfile Mackenzie Delta, Northwest Territories The Mackenzie River, in the Northwest Territories, is Canada's largest river system. This photo shows the delta region, where oil and natural gas deposits are located