Background Information Introductory Remarks Read & Answer Text & New Word Reading Intensive Study Exercise Check-up Assignment

Pre-reading Activities: Listen, Look & Say Watch & Discuss Watch the video and discuss the given topics. Questions & Answers Listen to a passage and answer some questions. Listen to a passage and fill in the missing words. Spot Dictation Acquaint yourself with some relevant information. Background Information

Contradictory Emotion --- Troubled Feeling If you love him , send him to New York , because it is the heaven ; If you hate him , send him to New York , because it is the hell

Mirror of America Mirror here means a person who gives a true representation or description of the country . Mark Twain was one of literary giants in human history whose works often reveal more truth than many political essays and therefore his life and works are a mirror of America

1.Historical background material 2.Winston Churchill’s life career 3.Questions on content 4.Figures of speech 5.Organization of the text

Scotland Yard This is the headquarters of the London Metropolitan Police. The term is often used, popularly, to refer to one branch, the Criminal Investigation Department (CID). Named after a short street in London, the site of a palace used in the 12th century as a residence of visiting Scottish kings

Definition Phonetics vs phonology The phoneme theory – Distinctiveness in speech sounds – Phoneme and allophone – Minimal pairs – Principles in deciding on phonemes

Here the vowels of American English are plotted according to the point of primary obstruction by the tongue in the articulation of the sound. \Low\ refers not only to the position of the tongue but the jaw as well

In the production of a sound, if the air, onceout of the glottis, is allowed to pass freelythrough the resonators, the sound is a vowel

In addition to their normal names, many of the parts of the vocal tract have fancy names derived from Latin and Greek. The adjectives we use to describe sounds made with each part are usually based on the Latin/Greek name