折射(refraction) n=1 n>1 n=1 折射率(refractive index ●Vacuum 1 .Air 1.0003 ●Vater 1.333 Incident wave Reflected ●Cytoplasm 1.35-1.38? wave 0 ● Glycerol 1.475 (anhydrous) Refractive index n,=1 ●Immersion oil 1.515 Speed =c 。Fused silica 1.46 .Optical glasses 1.5-1.9 Refractive index na Speed c/n Refracted wave Diamond 2.417 元/n+ Depends on wavelength and temperature →Snell'slaw: Mirror law: Sin(0)=n2 Sin(02) 6
折射(refraction) • 折射率(refractive index 6
色散(dispersion) ·不同波长光线的折射率n不同 http://gallery.hd.org/_c/natural-science/prism-and- refraction-of-light-into-rainbow-AJHD.jpg.html 7
色散 (dispersion) • 不同波长光线的折射率n不同 7
光学成像原理 Objective Lens” Focal length “Object Plane” “Image Plane” -u Magnified Light Object is placed image win 1 and 2fof Source the objective lens 1st image 1 and M=1 f 8
光学成像原理 8
Magnification in Compound Microscope (transmission illumination) Final image projected Condenser Objective onto a aperture aperture screen or Object Projector film (specimen) lens Objective lens First image Final image B ￠ Light Source Condenser lens vl v2 M=M,M,=出-)-) f Total mag.is product of mags.for each lens. 9
9
日m b' 人眼所看到 Eye 的像 Eyepiece 目镜 b 九元汽气5气三艺三三 Fo Objective 物镜 ob Specimen 日◆
人眼所看到 的像 10 25 cm 物镜 目镜