I The Definition of Language Sapir (1921): Language is a purely human and non-instinctive method of communicating ideas, emotions, and desires by means of voluntarily produced symbolS. Hall(1968, Essay on Language): Language is the institution whereby humans communicate and interact with each by means of habitually used oral-auditory symbols Trager(1942: Outline of Linguistic Analysis): A language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols by means of which a Soclal group co-operates
I The Definition of Language • Sapir(1921): Language is a purely human and non-instinctive method of communicating ideas, emotions, and desires by means of voluntarily produced symbols. • Hall(1968, Essay on Language): Language is the institution whereby humans communicate and interact with each by means of habitually used oral-auditory symbols. • Trager (1942: Outline of Linguistic Analysis ): A language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols by means of which a social group co-operates
I The Definition of Language According to Sapir (1921: 8) Language is a purely human and non-instinctive me thod of communicating ideas, emotions and desires by means of voluntarily produced symbols Can the following short flash be called a language? 此处插入f1ash
I The Definition of Language • According to Sapir (1921:8): Language is a purely human and •non-•instinctive method of communicating ideas, emotions and desires by means of voluntarily produced symbols. • Can the following short flash be called a language? • 此处插入flash
I The Definition of Language Defects of Sapir's Definition What is now popularly referred to b means of the expression body language which makes use of gestures, postures, eye- gaze, etc. as in the nonverbal flash---would seem to satisfy this point of Sapir's definition
I The Definition of Language Defects of Sapir’s Definition What is now popularly referred to by means of the expression “body language” --- which makes use of gestures, postures, eyegaze, etc. as in the nonverbal flash---would seem to satisfy this point of Sapir’s definition
I The Definition of Language There are many systems of voluntarily produced symbols that we only count as languages in what we feel to be an extended or metaphorical sense of the word “ language
I The Definition of Language • There are many systems of voluntarily produced symbols that we only count as languages in what we feel to be an extended or metaphorical sense of the word “language
I The Definition of Language More example of body languages Arafat makes a gesture of victory to the crowd before delivering a speech in the meeting in Ramallah on sept. 9,2002
I The Definition of Language • More example of body languages • Arafat makes a gesture of "victory" to the crowd before delivering a speech in the meeting in Ramallah on Sept. 9, 2002