Tpes of hormones 6- Hormon mbrane meocecuce Hormone Adenylate recepto c)G protein 第二信使学说 inases Protel kinase substrate (active (inactive) Cytoplasm Nucleus Substrate (active) Cellular changes 3 (a] Body fluids carry nonsteroid hormone molecules to the target cell, where they combine[b]with eceptor sites on the cell membrane. (c) In some cases, via a g protein, this activates molecules of membrane- bound adenylate cyclase, which [d] catalyze conversion of ATP into cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). [e] The cAMP promotes a series of reactions leading to the cellular changes associated with the hormone 's action. The g protein and adenylate cyclase enzyme are actually embedded in the cytoplasmic surface of the cell membrane
第二信使学说
Types of Hormones Steroid hormone Cell membrane (a Ribosome mRNA 基因表达学说 Nucleus mRNA Protein receptor DNA c) rmone-receplo complex a)a steroid hormone crosses a cell membrane and [b] combines with a protein receptor usually in the nucleus. (c The hormone- receptor complex activates messenger RNA (mRNA] synthesis. [d The mRNA leaves the nucleus and [e] guides protein synthesis
基因表达学说
激素分泌的调节 反馈调节(下丘脑-腺垂体-靶腺) 下丘脑(HRP)→腺垂体(AHH→靶腺(TH 短反馈 长反馈 超短反馈 长反馈 神经调节:交感↑→肾上腺髓质激素↑ 副交感(迷走)↑→胰岛素↑ ●效应物调节:血糖↑→胰岛素↑→>血糖↓
➢ 激素分泌的调节 • 反馈调节(下丘脑-腺垂体-靶腺) 下丘脑(HRP)→腺垂体(AHH)→靶腺(TH) • 神经调节：交感↑→肾上腺髓质激素↑ 副交感(迷走)↑→胰岛素↑ • 效应物调节：血糖↑→胰岛素↑→血糖↓ 短反馈 长反馈 超短反馈 长反馈
第二、三节下鱼脑与喜体的向含泌 1.下丘脑的神经肉分泌细胞 肽能神经元( peptidergic neuron) 神经向分泌大细胞 (magnocellular neuroendocrine cell, MgC) 视上核、室旁核 神经向分泌小细胞 (parvocellular neuroendocrine cell, PvC) 馒垂体区:正中隆起、视前区、胲内侧核 视交又上核、弓状核、室周核等
第二、三节 下丘脑与垂体的内分泌 1. 下丘脑的神经内分泌细胞 • 肽能神经元(peptidergic neuron) • 神经内分泌大细胞 (magnocellular neuroendocrine cell, MgC) 视上核、室旁核 • 神经内分泌小细胞 (parvocellular neuroendocrine cell, PvC) 促垂体区：正中隆起、视前区、腹内侧核、 视交叉上核、弓状核、室周核等
2.下丘脑-腺垂体系统 垂体门脉系统( pituitary portal system) 下丘脑调节肽 Hypothalamic regulatory peptide) CRH, TRH, GnRH, GHrH, GriD) PRE PIE. MRE MIF 3.下丘脑-种经垂体系统 下丘脑-垂体束和种经垂体激素 血管升压素( vasopressin)、催产素( oxytocin)
2. 下丘脑-腺垂体系统 ➢ 垂体门脉系统(pituitary portal system) ➢ 下丘脑调节肽 (hypothalamic regulatory peptide) CRH, TRH, GnRH, GHRH, GHRIH), PRF, PIF, MRF, MIF 3. 下丘脑-神经垂体系统 ➢ 下丘脑-垂体束和神经垂体激素 血管升压素(vasopressin)、催产素(oxytonin)