IBM/Harvard Mark I (1944) The first large scale, automatic, general purpose, electromechan ical calculator (o iesel IBM A: le Ihe IIM/Harvard Mark 1(1943) The Mark I was the first complctcly automatic, digital com- iter. IL was essentially an eleclumechanical re-creation of Babbage's Analytical Engine. The Mark I was pressed into service performing naval weapons calculations curing Worid War II. The Mark I was even larger and more impressive than the MIf analyzer it was 55 leet long 8 tect arsh, and o s fcet deep lt weighed several tons and lsad utcatly a millon cmpdmenis Orginally nand the Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator, the Mark L was designed hy Ir Howard aiken af ne IRM s Endicott New York factorv The leted mucbmewas thert disassembled and shipped to Havard, where the Mik I remained in service for 15 yea 北京大学计算机科学技术系 计算机系统结构教研室
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1937, Alan Turing While not using the practical technology of the era, Alan Turing developed the idea of a Universal machine capable of executing any describable algorithm and forming the basis for the concept of"computability Perhaps more importantly Turing's ideas differed from those of others who were solving arithmetic problems by introducing the concept of symbol processing 北京大学计算机科学技术系 计算机系统结构教研室
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短评 1937年,当AM. Tur ing提出图灵机概念时, 也许人们并不知道存储程序计算机对人类社会的 真正意义;然而,在此之后的半个多世纪,人们 却在科学、技术,甚至哲学、法律等社会的各个 领域都品味到计算机的强大震撼力。有些我们现 在看来理所当然的处理器的特点,在计算机不长 的历史上也的确经历了一个不短的认识过程。了 解这个过程,包括其技术背景和器件工艺背景, 对我们研究将来的计算机以及用好现在的计算机 都是有益的。 北京大学计算机科学技术系 计算机系统结构教研室
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Generations 1: 1950-59 Vacuum Tubes 2: 1960-68 Discrete transistor 3:1969~77ICs 4: 1978? lSI and vlsi 5?: Japanese project 北京大学计算机科学技术系 计算机系统结构教研室
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The first generation Use vacuum Tubes for switching and storage A Triode invented in 1906 became a building block Structure? Turing: In 1937 gave the mathematical foundations in terms of turing machine which can emulate any other computer. He tried to build a computer ace Automatic Computing Engine(ace)was completed in 1947 北京大学计算机科学技术系 计算机系统结构教研室
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