SymmetricMultiprocessing Architecture· Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP)-Resultfromhardwareorsoftware- Adds CPUs to increase computing power- Causes non-uniform memory access (NUMA)CPUOCPU1CPU2registersregistersregisterscachecachecachememory
Symmetric Multiprocessing Architecture • Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP) – Result from hardware or software – Adds CPUs to increase computing power – Causes non-uniform memory access (NUMA)
MulticoreMulticore: include multiple cores on a single chipMore efficient- On-chip communication is faster than between-chipcommunication-Lesspower Dual-core designCPUcoreocPUcoreregistersregisterscachecachememory
Multicore • Multicore: include multiple cores on a single chip • More efficient – On-chip communication is faster than between-chip communication – Less power • Dual-core design
ClusteredSystems Like multiprocessor systems, but multiple systemsworking together-Usuallysharingstorageviaastorage-areanetwork(sAN)-Provides a high-availability servicewhich survives failuresAsymmetric clusteringhasone machineinhot-standbymode·Symmetric clustering has multiple nodes runningapplicationsmonitoringeachother-Someclustersareforhigh-performancecomputing(HPC)Applications must be written to use parallelizationSomehavedistributedlockmanager (DLM)toavoidconflicting operations
Clustered Systems • Like multiprocessor systems, but multiple systems working together – Usually sharing storage via a storage-area network (SAN) – Provides a high-availability service which survives failures • Asymmetric clustering has one machine in hot-standby mode • Symmetric clustering has multiple nodes running applications, monitoring each other – Some clusters are for high-performance computing (HPC) • Applications must be written to use parallelization – Some have distributed lock manager (DLM) to avoid conflicting operations
ClusteredSystemsinterconnectinterconnectcomputercomputercomputerstorageareanetwork
Clustered Systems
What is an Operating System?25
What is an Operating System? 25