Chloroplasts Review Saroma 的 ater meatal5品 Thylakoid Outer grna lamellar 4 THylakoid Stroma Thylakoid Inner Stroma envelope Granum
Chloroplasts Review ➢ One of a family of organelles (the plastids). ➢ Bound by a double membrane. ➢ Contains chlorophyll, DNA
Chloroplast Structure Stoma ntermembnne yoice Thylakoids outer enveloPe Thylakoid stoma Tmlakeld n envelope Granum lamella
Chloroplast Structure ➢ Double Membrane • Outer - highly permeable. • Inner – selectively permeable
Chloroplast Structure
Chloroplast Structure ➢ Stroma - background matrix. • Contains enzymes for capturing (fixing) CO2 (e.g. RUBISCO) during carbon fixation. • Contains DNA, RNA, ribosomes and machinery for transcription & translation （翻译）. ➢ Thylakoids - Internal membrane system. • Grana - membrane stacks. • Stroma lamella - provide network connections between grana. • Where the light reactions occur
Chloroplast Structure
Chloroplast Structure ❑ Lumen （腔）– intra-thylakoid space. ➢ Site of H2O oxidation - source of evolved photosynthetic oxygen. ➢ Reservoir for protons pumped across thylakoids. • Electron transport, ATP synthesis
Pigments
Pigments ➢ Pigments = light absorbing substances. ➢ All pigments active in photosynthesis are found in the chloroplasts