Figures of SpeechGrammar in context: observe the use of the modal +have done construction and pointout the concept eachconveys.1)I think we proved that the old man couldn't have heardthe boy yell, “I'm going to kill you.I don't remember what he said, but I don't see how he2)could haverun to the door.3)ItmayhavebeentwotoomanyThe old man would have had to hear the boy say, I'm4)going to kill you," while the train was roaring by the oldman's window
Figures of Speech ❖ Grammar in context: observe the use of the modal + have done construction and point out the concept each conveys. 1) I think we proved that the old man couldn’t have heard the boy yell, “I’m going to kill you.” 2) I don’t remember what he said, but I don’t see how he could have run to the door. 3) It may have been two too many. 4) The old man would have had to hear the boy say, “I’m going to kill you,” while the train was roaring by the old man’s window
The perfect infinitive denotes a past action orcondition. When it is used with modals, the conceptitexpresses depends onthemodal.improbability of a past actionprobability of a past actionpossibility of a past condition / stateprobability of a past action
The perfect infinitive denotes a past action or condition. When it is used with modals, the concept it expresses depends on the modal. ❖ improbability of a past action ❖ probability of a past action ❖ possibility of a past condition / state ❖ probability of a past action
Word StudyI'm going to pace off 12 feet.to pace off (out ): to measure out 12 feet by taking stepsof equal lengthI've seen all kinds of dishonesty in my day, but this littledisplay takes the caketo take the cake: (AmE) spoken to be worse than anythingelseyou canimagineI've seen all kinks of cheating, lying and other dirty tricksinmylife,but thislittledemonstration is theworstI canimagine
Word Study ❖ I’m going to pace off 12 feet. to pace off (out ): to measure out 12 feet by taking steps of equal length ❖ I’ve seen all kinds of dishonesty in my day, but this little display takes the cake. to take the cake: (AmE) spoken to be worse than anything else you can imagine I’ve seen all kinks of cheating, lying and other dirty tricks in my life, but this little demonstration is the worst I can imagine
You bet I wouldYou bet: Of course: Certainly: You can be sureHe comes here running for his life. And now, before hecan take a deep breath, he's telling how to run the showThe arrogance of this guy.running for his life: to leave quickly because your life isindangerto run the show: to be in charge of the whole thingarrogance: the quality of thinking that you are veryimportant and therefore behaving very rudely
❖ You bet I would. You bet: Of course; Certainly; You can be sure ❖ He comes here running for his life. And now, before he can take a deep breath, he’s telling how to run the show. The arrogance of this guy. running for his life: to leave quickly because your life is in danger to run the show: to be in charge of the whole thing arrogance: the quality of thinking that you are very important and therefore behaving very rudely
It takes too much time to switch your handto switch: to change one thing to another quicklyNow the vote is 9 to 3 in favor of acquittal9 to 3 in favor of acquittal: 9 people for acquittal and 3against
. ❖ It takes too much time to switch your hand. to switch: to change one thing to another quickly ❖ Now the vote is 9 to 3 in favor of acquittal. 9 to 3 in favor of acquittal: 9 people for acquittal and 3 against