刖言 、概述 也许有人会认为,发音及音调仅仅是英语学习的一小部分,甚至是最不重要的一部分。但是实 践告诉我们,英语发音的好坏是评价一个人整体英语水平的重要因素。尤其对于英语专业的学生来 说,语音语调是否过关,将直接影响日后其在听、说、读、写、译方面的提高。因此,本课程可以 说是专业学生第一年学习的“重中之重”,要求学生给予足够的重视。 、课程教学目的和基本要求 本课程针对英语专业本科低年级学生缺乏语音知识和理论指导、在读音实践过程中深受汉语和 地方方言影响的现状,从英语元音和辅音的读音规则入手,指导学生在英语的语音、连读、节奏 停顿、语调等各个方面有一个全面的认识,从而达到纠正学生中文式发音的目的,使其能以正确的 语音、语调朗读,表达思想并进行交际,为将来进入高年级打下良好的专业基础。 语音学的课程设置从内容上可以分为两部分:一是音素的发音,二是音素在语篇中的说、读技 能。前者要求在正确读音规则的指导下,通过大量的、反复的发音练习来纠正不正确的发音,并形 成正确的发音方法和习惯。想要改变长期形成的发音习惯不是一件容易的事,只有经过长期不懈的 练习才能办到。因此,本课程要求每天要坚持一定时间(60-90分钟)的练习,从慢到快,先严 格按发音规则发音,再逐步巩固从而养成新习惯。第二部分主要训练正确的英语话语节奏规律和语 调。这一部分要求多听标准录音,多模仿。对段落及篇章的模仿,重点在模仿语调和提高流利程度。 本课程通过语音基础知识的学习和多种形式的训练,帮助学生掌握语音的发音、语流的规律、 语调的功能。一年级的语音语调课程应使学生在结课后达到如下水平:能自觉模仿和纠音,在语流 中发音正确;初步掌握朗读技巧,在朗读和听说中有基本的节奏感和语调感 三、课程基本内容及学时分配 本教程采用以教师的课堂讲解、学生练习以及课堂检测相结合的方式,覆盖以下内容: 1.简要介绍语音学中的一些基本知识和理论 2.系统介绍英语元音、辅音各音素的发音部位及发音方法;分辨相似、相近音素之间的区别; 3.介绍英语的节奏规律:句子的重音模式、节律模式、弱读等方面的知识,着重训练学生的 英语话语节奏规律; 4.介绍英语语调的结构:如英语的降调、升调、降升调等,常用调型组合及其功能和应用 除了理论知识和纠音训练,对英语重音、节奏、语流、语调的感知与训练贯穿课程的始终。 第一讲:概论(2学时) 主要目的:了解国际音标及其分类标准,及本课程的教学要求 主要内容:1、介绍目前比较普遍的英音和美音的区别。2、英语的24个辅音。英语辅音的分 类标准有以下三个:1)发音部位;2)发音方法;3)声带振动情况。3、英语的元音共20个,其 中单元音12个,双元音8个。英语元音的分类标准是:1)舌面的高低:2)舌位的前后;3)唇形。 4、发音器官图解。5、本课程的教学目的、教学要求、教学进度及测试手段。 第二讲英语语音(10学时) 主要目的:了解单元音、双元音、以及各个辅音的发音部位及发音方法;能分辨相似、相近音 素之间的区别;掌握英语各个音素的准确发音
语音 97 前 言 一、概述 也许有人会认为,发音及音调仅仅是英语学习的一小部分,甚至是最不重要的一部分。但是实 践告诉我们,英语发音的好坏是评价一个人整体英语水平的重要因素。尤其对于英语专业的学生来 说,语音语调是否过关,将直接影响日后其在听、说、读、写、译方面的提高。因此,本课程可以 说是专业学生第一年学习的“重中之重”,要求学生给予足够的重视。 二、课程教学目的和基本要求 本课程针对英语专业本科低年级学生缺乏语音知识和理论指导、在读音实践过程中深受汉语和 地方方言影响的现状,从英语元音和辅音的读音规则入手,指导学生在英语的语音、连读、节奏、 停顿、语调等各个方面有一个全面的认识,从而达到纠正学生中文式发音的目的,使其能以正确的 语音、语调朗读,表达思想并进行交际,为将来进入高年级打下良好的专业基础。 语音学的课程设置从内容上可以分为两部分:一是音素的发音,二是音素在语篇中的说、读技 能。前者要求在正确读音规则的指导下,通过大量的、反复的发音练习来纠正不正确的发音,并形 成正确的发音方法和习惯。想要改变长期形成的发音习惯不是一件容易的事,只有经过长期不懈的 练习才能办到。因此,本课程要求每天要坚持一定时间(60-90 分钟)的练习,从慢到快,先严 格按发音规则发音,再逐步巩固从而养成新习惯。第二部分主要训练正确的英语话语节奏规律和语 调。这一部分要求多听标准录音,多模仿。对段落及篇章的模仿,重点在模仿语调和提高流利程度。 本课程通过语音基础知识的学习和多种形式的训练,帮助学生掌握语音的发音、语流的规律、 语调的功能。一年级的语音语调课程应使学生在结课后达到如下水平:能自觉模仿和纠音,在语流 中发音正确;初步掌握朗读技巧,在朗读和听说中有基本的节奏感和语调感。 三、课程基本内容及学时分配 本教程采用以教师的课堂讲解、学生练习以及课堂检测相结合的方式,覆盖以下内容: 1.简要介绍语音学中的一些基本知识和理论; 2.系统介绍英语元音、辅音各音素的发音部位及发音方法;分辨相似、相近音素之间的区别; 3.介绍英语的节奏规律:句子的重音模式、节律模式、弱读等方面的知识,着重训练学生的 英语话语节奏规律; 4.介绍英语语调的结构:如英语的降调、升调、降升调等,常用调型组合及其功能和应用; 除了理论知识和纠音训练,对英语重音、节奏、语流、语调的感知与训练贯穿课程的始终。 第一讲:概论(2 学时) 主要目的:了解国际音标及其分类标准,及本课程的教学要求 主要内容:1、介绍目前比较普遍的英音和美音的区别。2、英语的 24 个辅音。英语辅音的分 类标准有以下三个:1)发音部位;2)发音方法;3)声带振动情况。 3、英语的元音共 20 个,其 中单元音 12 个,双元音 8 个。英语元音的分类标准是:1)舌面的高低;2)舌位的前后;3)唇形。 4、发音器官图解。5、本课程的教学目的、教学要求、教学进度及测试手段。 第二讲 英语语音(10 学时) 主要目的:了解单元音、双元音、以及各个辅音的发音部位及发音方法;能分辨相似、相近音 素之间的区别;掌握英语各个音素的准确发音
英语专业课程教学大纲 主要内容:1、单元音的分辨与模仿。2、双元音的分辨与模仿。3、辅音的分辨与模仿。4、单 词重音练习。5、辅音连缀知识与应用。6、相似、相近音素对比练习 第三讲英语的节奏韵律(3学时) 主要目的:了解英语的节奏规律;掌握句子的重音模式、节律模式、音的连续、音的同化、省 音与缩约、弱读等方面的知识,以促进英语话语的流利程度,也有助于提高听力水平。 主要内容:1、学习英语的重读规律,进行重读音节、重音组、节奏练习等。2、掌握音的连读 的规律。3、了解音的同化现象。4、训练音的省略与缩约。5、进行英语的弱读训练,包括代词、 介词、连词等的弱读。6、语篇模仿练习 第四讲英语的语调(3学时) 主要目的:学习英语语调;掌握英语的降调、升调、降升调等,能确定调子的位置,正确的标 出句子的语调,正确的模仿;了解语调单位,能分辨出语调单位的四个组成部分;掌握语调的使用 问题分清不同语调的不同使用语境:掌握英语语调的功能。 主要内容:1、学习英语的降升调。2、学习语调的单位。3、掌握英语语调的使用。4、掌握英 语语调的功能,包括强调功能、语法功能、语段功能等。5、语篇模仿练习 四、主要教学形式 课堂讲解一语音基础知识:元音、辅音的读音规则:相近、相似音素的区别 2、课件展示一语音基础知识;元音、辅音的读音规则:相近、相似音素的区别 3、语音示范一元音、辅音的发音;节奏,语调的示范(教师带读、CD、磁带) 4、语篇模仿一提高节奏、语流、语调的觉察力(相关材料,CD、磁带等) 5、语音辨别练习一元音、辅音的读音规则;相近、相似音素的区别 6、语音检测一帮助学生进行小结总结检查学习情况 五、推荐课外阅读材料 王桂珍,《英语语音教程》,高等教育出版社,2000 2.何善芬,《实用英语语音学》,北京师范大学出版社,1992 3.邵莉、刘颖勤、李辉,《语音进阶》,世界图书出版公司,1999 4.孟宪忠,《英语语音学》,华东师范大学出版社,1999年3月 5. Cruttenden,A. Gimson's Pronunciation of English外语教学与研究出版社,2000 6. Hancock, M. English Pronunciation in Use, Cambridge University Press, 2003
英语专业课程教学大纲 98 主要内容:1、单元音的分辨与模仿。2、双元音的分辨与模仿。3、辅音的分辨与模仿。4、单 词重音练习。5、辅音连缀知识与应用。 6、相似、相近音素对比练习 第三讲 英语的节奏韵律(3 学时) 主要目的:了解英语的节奏规律;掌握句子的重音模式、节律模式、音的连续、音的同化、省 音与缩约、弱读等方面的知识,以促进英语话语的流利程度,也有助于提高听力水平。 主要内容:1、学习英语的重读规律,进行重读音节、重音组、节奏练习等。2、掌握音的连读 的规律。3、了解音的同化现象。4、训练音的省略与缩约。5、进行英语的弱读训练,包括代词、 介词、连词等的弱读。 6、语篇模仿练习。 第四讲 英语的语调 (3 学时) 主要目的:学习英语语调;掌握英语的降调、升调、降升调等,能确定调子的位置,正确的标 出句子的语调,正确的模仿;了解语调单位,能分辨出语调单位的四个组成部分;掌握语调的使用 问题分清不同语调的不同使用语境;掌握英语语调的功能。 主要内容:1、学习英语的降升调。2、学习语调的单位。3、掌握英语语调的使用。4、掌握英 语语调的功能,包括强调功能、语法功能、语段功能等。5、语篇模仿练习。 四、主要教学形式 1、 课堂讲解-语音基础知识;元音、辅音的读音规则;相近、相似音素的区别 2、 课件展示-语音基础知识;元音、辅音的读音规则;相近、相似音素的区别 3、语音示范-元音、辅音的发音;节奏,语调的示范(教师带读、CD、磁带) 4、语篇模仿-提高节奏、语流、语调的觉察力(相关材料,CD、磁带等) 5、语音辨别练习-元音、辅音的读音规则;相近、相似音素的区别 6、语音检测-帮助学生进行小结/总结,检查学习情况 五、推荐课外阅读材料 1.王桂珍,《英语语音教程》,高等教育出版社,2000 2. 何善芬,《实用英语语音学》,北京师范大学出版社,1992 3.邵莉、刘颖勤、李辉,《语音进阶》,世界图书出版公司,1999 4.孟宪忠,《英语语音学》,华东师范大学出版社,1999 年 3 月 5. Cruttenden, A. Gimson's Pronunciation of English 外语教学与研究出版社,2000 6. Hancock, M. English Pronunciation in Use, Cambridge University Press, 2003
Week 1 Introduction to Some Concepts of phonetics and This course These two periods will firstly make a brief introduction to the design of this course, including th goal, the schedule of the course, methods adopted, and course requirements. By doing so, the students will be aware of what they will deal with and how to cooperate with the teacher in and after class. Then a description of phonetics concepts follows, covering standards of good English pronunciation, the organs of speech, the classification of speech sounds, and lastly, differences between pronunciation and intonation of Ga(general American)and GB(general British) English Difference in pronunciation la :-[a] before [f, 0,s], and [m, n,n] 2.[a vowel+[r] when r occurs 3. t-similar [d when unstress and between vowels 4.网w]→[hwyl Difference in intonation Generally speaking, GB intonation has wider voice range and more varieties than Ga intonation
语音 99 Week 1 Introduction to Some Concepts of Phonetics and This Course These two periods will firstly make a brief introduction to the design of this course, including the goal, the schedule of the course, methods adopted, and course requirements. By doing so, the students will be aware of what they will deal with and how to cooperate with the teacher in and after class. Then a description of phonetics concepts follows, covering standards of good English pronunciation, the organs of speech, the classification of speech sounds, and lastly, differences between pronunciation and intonation of GA (general American) and GB (general British) English. For example, Difference in pronunciation 1. [ɑ ː] →[æ] before [f, θ , s ] ,and [m,n,ŋ] 2. [ɑ ː, ɔ ː, ɜ ː ə ] →vowel+[r] when r occurs 3. [t] →similar [d] when unstress and between vowels 4. [w] →[hw] Difference in intonation Generally speaking, GB intonation has wider voice range and more varieties than GA intonation. GB GA
英语专业课程教学大纲 Week 2 Features of vowels and rules of articulation These two periods mainly focus on the articulation of vowels. After a general description on the features of vowels, the vowels will be dealt with one by one, from the monophthongs(the front vowels the central vowels, and the back vowels) to the diphthongs(the closing diphthongs, the centering diphthongs). The methods of delivery are firstly the illustration of rules for articulation, like the lip shape, tongue position and degree of tenseness. Then, the teacher makes models for each sound and listens to some students to find out the mispronunciations. A lot of repetition exercises follow to enhance the rules of articulation. The correction of the monophthongs is the most important, because the position articulation for the front, back and centering vowels are confusing. They could be illustrated as follows The features for the front vowels are a. the front of the tongue is raised to various levels in the direction of the hard palate b. The tip of the tongue is usually kept down behind the lower teeth The features for the back vowels are a. The tongue is retracted, the back part is raised to various levels in the direction of the soft palate b. The tip of the tongue is slightly drawn away from the lower teeth The features for the centering vowels are a)the middle of the tongue is raised towards the dividing line between the hard and the soft palates b)The lip position is neutral, that is, the lips are held naturally and normally
英语专业课程教学大纲 100 Week 2 Features of Vowels and Rules of Articulation These two periods mainly focus on the articulation of vowels. After a general description on the features of vowels, the vowels will be dealt with one by one, from the monophthongs (the front vowels, the central vowels, and the back vowels) to the diphthongs (the closing diphthongs, the centering diphthongs). The methods of delivery are firstly the illustration of rules for articulation, like the lip shape, tongue position and degree of tenseness. Then, the teacher makes models for each sound and listens to some students to find out the mispronunciations. A lot of repetition exercises follow to enhance the rules of articulation. The correction of the monophthongs is the most important, because the position of articulation for the front, back and centering vowels are confusing. They could be illustrated as follows: The features for the front vowels are a.the front of the tongue is raised to various levels in the direction of the hard palate b.The tip of the tongue is usually kept down behind the lower teeth. c.The lips are spread out The features for the back vowels are a.The tongue is retracted, the back part is raised to various levels in the direction of the soft palate. b.The tip of the tongue is slightly drawn away from the lower teeth The features for the centering vowels are a)the middle of the tongue is raised towards the dividing line between the hard and the soft palates b)The lip position is neutral, that is, the lips are held naturally and normally
Week 3 Read and compare exercises on vowels These two periods aim at correcting the mispronunciation of all the vowels. Fourteen pairs of similar and confusing vowels are presented and carefully examined. They are [i: ] [I],le]&[ael, [e]&[eI],[3:] &[a],[a:]&A],[a:]&[ae],[a:]&[D],[:]&[],[ar]&[e],[u:]&[u],[aU]&[ar],[au]&[aU], [Ia]&[ea], [ea]&[e]. Differences between them are described and emphasized, with the repetition of articulating rules for each. Some students are required to make demonstrations, while others point out the Some students are not sure about the differences between the long vowels [i: ] [I], they just take the latter as a shortened form of the former, and it is not correct. For [i: ], it is not only longer, and the tongue position is higher, and the lips are spread out, and the muscle gets very tensed; for [I], it is shorter, but the tongue position is lower, the lip shape is neutral, and it is lax. The same differences exist in b: ] [o]and [u:]&[U]
语音 101 Week 3 Read and Compare Exercises on Vowels These two periods aim at correcting the mispronunciation of all the vowels. Fourteen pairs of similar and confusing vowels are presented and carefully examined. They are [iː]& [ɪ],[e] &[æ], [e] & [eɪ],[ɜː] & [ə], [ɑː]& [ʌ], [ɑː] & [æ], [ɑː] & [ɒ], [ɔː]& [ɒ], [aɪ] & [æ], [uː]& [ʊ], [aʊ] & [aɪ],[aʊ] & [əʊ], [ɪə] & [eə], [eə] & [e]. Differences between them are described and emphasized, with the repetition of articulating rules for each. Some students are required to make demonstrations, while others point out the mistakes. Some students are not sure about the differences between the long vowels [iː]& [ɪ], they just take the latter as a shortened form of the former, and it is not correct. For [iː], it is not only longer, and the tongue position is higher, and the lips are spread out, and the muscle gets very tensed; for [ɪ], it is shorter, but the tongue position is lower, the lip shape is neutral, and it is lax. The same differences exist in [ɔː]& [ɒ] and [uː]& [ʊ]