Dangers >Leachate is composed of organic and inorganic components which can be concern: Dissolved organic matter Inorganic macrocomponents(sodium,sulphate,chloride,potassium etc) Heavy metals(lead,cadmium) Organic compounds from households and industrial chemicals(pesticides, plastic) >Dangers of leachate escaping into the environment: Soil contamination Groundwater contamination Reduction of water safety /Health problems:sickness and death Contaminations of rivers and streams:poison fishes and creates mutation in sea life Pollution of the oceans:can damage ecosystems and cause potentially irreversible harm
Leachate is composed of organic and inorganic components which can be concern: ‐ Dissolved organic matter ‐ Inorganic macrocomponents (sodium, sulphate, chloride, potassium etc) ‐ Heavy metals (lead, cadmium) ‐ Organic compounds from households and industrial chemicals (pesticides, plastic) Dangers of leachate escaping into the environment: ‐ Soil contamination ‐ Groundwater contamination ‐ Reduction of water safety / Health problems: sickness and death ‐ Contaminations of rivers and streams: poison fishes and creates mutation in sea life ‐ Pollution of the oceans: can damage ecosystems and cause potentially irreversible harm Dangers
Landfill Gas
Landfill Gas
Definition and composition >Because of the anaerobic conditions within a biologically active landfill,large quantities of gas are produced.Chemical reactions occur,microbes act upon waste and materials break down. >The produced is composed of methane,CO2,water and other I.I Ci Table 4-8 Typical Constituents of MSW Landfill Gas 0 Component %by volume (dry) >T Methane 4560 Carbon dioxide 4060 t Nitrogen 2-5 Oxygen 0.1-1.0 Ammonia 0.1-1.0 Hydrogen 00.2 Source:Integrated solid waste management:engineering principles and management issues by Tchobanoglous, G.H.Theisen,and S Vigil Copyright 1993 by MCGRAW-HILL COMPANIES,INC.-BOOKS Reproduced with permission of MCGRAW-HILL COMPAN ES,INC.BOOKS in the format Tetbook via Copyright Clearance Center
Because of the anaerobic conditions within a biologically active landfill, large quantities of gas are produced. Chemical reactions occur, microbes act upon waste and materials break down. The produced is composed of methane, CO2, water and other components as ammonia, sulfide and non methane volatile organic compounds. The composition of the gas can change a bit depending on the wastes, the environmental conditions, the landfill management. Definition and composition
Composition Quantities ■Methane ■Carbon dioxide ■Nitrogen ■Oxygen ■Ammonia ■Hydrogen
Quantities Methane Carbon dioxide Nitrogen Oxygen Ammonia Hydrogen Composition
Threats and Uses Threats Solutions Let gas escape 1-Capture the gas and treat it to remove the dangerous >Unpleasant smells compounds >Security problems:Risk of fire and explosion 2-Treat it as an hazardous (Skellingsted,Denmark,1991) waste >Gas can be contaminated(mercury,trillium, 3-Reuse it chloroform,chemicals with halogens such as chlorine) >Power generation >Health issues:Cancer birth defects(HPA UK)>Steam generation >Environmental problems: >Heat generation Strong GHG -Threat to some forms of biodiversity >Vehicle fuel
Threats and Uses Threats Solutions Let gas escape Unpleasant smells Security problems: Risk of fire and explosion (Skellingsted, Denmark, 1991) Gas can be contaminated (mercury, trillium, chloroform, chemicals with halogens such as chlorine) Health issues: Cancer & birth defects (HPA UK) Environmental problems : ‐ Strong GHG ‐ Threat to some forms of biodiversity 1‐ Capture the gas and treat it to remove the dangerous compounds 2‐ Treat it as an hazardous waste 3‐ Reuse it Power generation Steam generation Heat generation Vehicle fuel