1. Adherence factors 1. Tissue tropism pecies specificity 3. Genetic specificity within a species Hydrophobic interactions Electrostatic attractions o Atomic and molecular vibrations resulting from fluctuating dipoles of similar frequencies ● Brownian movement o Recruitment and trapping by biofilm polymers interacting with the bacterial glycocalyx(capsule)
1. Adherence Factors 1. Tissue tropism: 2. Species specificity: 3. Genetic specificity within a species: ⚫ Hydrophobic interactions ⚫ Electrostatic attractions ⚫ Atomic and molecular vibrations resulting from fluctuating dipoles of similar frequencies ⚫ Brownian movement ⚫ Recruitment and trapping by biofilm polymers interacting with the bacterial glycocalyx (capsule)
TABLE TERMS USED TO DESCRIBE ADHEREN CE FACTORS IIN HOST-PARASITE INTERACT IONS ADHERENCE FACTOR DE SCRIPT ION surface structure or macromolecule that binds a bacterium to a Adhesin specific surface Receptor complementary macromolecular binding site on a (eukaryotic) Lectin Any protein that binds to a carbohydrate surface molecule that exhibits specific binding to a recep tor Ligand molecule on another surface The mucopolysaccharide layer of glucosaminoglycans covering ucos aimal cell mucosal surfaces Filamentous proteins on the surface of bac terial cels that may Fimbriae behave as adhesins for specific adherence Cormon pili Same as fimbriae Sexpillus specialized pilus that binds mating procaryotes together for the purpose of DNA transfer Fimbriae in Enterobacteriaceae which bind specifically to Type l fimbriae mannose terminated glycoproteins on eukaryotic cell surfaces Glycocalyx A layer of exopo lysaccharide fibers on the surface of bacterial cells which may be imvolved in adherence to a surface A detectable layer of polysaccharide (rarely polypeptide) on the Cap sule surface of a bacterial cell which may mediate specific or nonspecific attachment A distinct cell wan component of the outer membrane of Lipopolysaccharide aLPs) Gram-negative bac teria with the potential structural diversity to mediate specific adherence. Probably functions as an adhesin Teichoic acids and Cell wan components of Gram-positive bacteria that may be lipoteichoic acids TA involved in nonspecific or specific adherence
TABLE 2. EXAMPLES OF SPECIFIC ATTACHMENTS OF BACTERIATO HOST CELL OR TISSUE SURFACES Bacterium Adhesin Recep tor Attachment site Disease Amino terminus of Pharyngeal Protein f Sore throat rogers frbronec tin epithelium SttreptococcEEs Glycosyl transferase P戏s Salivary glycopro tein Pellicle of tooth Dental caries Buccal streptococcI Unknown fOne friis Lipoteichoic acid epithelium tongue Streptococcus Cellbound protein cetylhexosamine-galactoseMucosal pneumonia Pre4wrorme disacc haide epithelium Amino terminus of mucosal Cellbound protein Yarious fbronec tn epithelium Neisser N— methy]phenyl ne-galactose Jrethralcervica Gonorrhea gonorrhoeae alanine pili carbohydrate epithelium rterotoxigeni E Type-1 fimbriae Species-specific Diarrhea carbohydrate(s) 中 ithelium Uropathogenic Urethral coli Type l fimbriae Comp lex carbohydrate Urethritis ithelium Uropathogenic Globobiose linked Ppi@迎) to Upper urinary ceramide lpid tract Pyelonephritis Bordetefffe Fimbriae Galactose c filament sulfated Respiratory whooping pertussis hemagglutinin) glycolipids 中 thelium cough vibrio cholerae n-methyphenylalanine Fucose and mannose Intestinal Cholera carbohydrate epithelium 的PePM Pep tide outer Mucosal PSidium membrane Surface protein(fibronectin) epithelium Syp hilis Mycop lasma Membrane protein Sialic acidl Respiratory Prur重ia epithelium Conjunctival or Conine tivitis Chlamydia Unknown Sialic acid or urethritis epithelium