《纺织复合材料》课程参考文献（Composite Materials Handbook，Volume 2）CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INFORMATION.pdf_P11-P15

MIL-HDBK-17-2F Volume 2,Chapter 1 General Information TABLE 1.4.2(e)Laminate type test and directions Type Test (in order) Direction Tension Filled Hole Tension(FHT) X-axis xy-plane Compression Filled Hole Compression(FHC) y-axis yz-plane Shear Compression After Impact(CAl) Z-axis zx-plane Open Hole Tension(OHT) Bearing Open Hole Compression(OHC) Bearing/Bypass CTE 1.4.3 Individual data tables-normalized data The format for a data table containing normalized material property information is shown in Table 1.4.3(a).Requirements and procedures for normalization are found in Volume 1,Section 2.5.7 and 2.4.3. Warnings are shown on each page for data sets that do not meet the data documentation re- quirements.Many of the data sets were submitted before the establishment of the data documen- tation requirements.Data sets that do not meet the first version of data documentation require- ments or the data documentation requirements that were current when the data were submitted will not be considered for B or A data classes. 2 At the top right corner of each page is a box with a heavy border.This box contains information that identifies the data set,the type of test for which results are shown,specimen orientation,test conditions,and the classes of data.The tape/weave type abbreviations are described for the top right corner of the first summary page(circle-1),Specimen orientation is provided as a lay-up code with the loading direction used as the reference axis.For example,a unidirectional specimen is described as [O]n for 1-axis properties and [90]n for 2-axis properties.Lay-up codes are de- scribed in Section 1.6. {Table Number) (Fiber Class)/(Matrix Class)[FAW)-(Tape/Weave Type) FAW,fiber areal weight (Fiber Name)/(Matrix Name) {Test Type),[Direction) Lay-up) Test Temperature)/(Moisture Content) repeated for each data column [Data Classes includes symbols for all data classes on this page in descending order (from A75 to S). 3 Material identification is provided for the composite material as (Fiber)(Filament-Count)/(Matrix){Tape/Weave Type)(Critical processing parameters) This information should be the same as the section title and the material identification on the first page of the summary tables.The range of physical parameters,resin content,fiber volume,ply thickness,composite density,and void content,for the cured material are presented for the data on this particular page.The endpoints of these ranges may not correspond directly as fiber vol- ume,resin content,and so on are generally available as a batch or panel average while the cured ply thickness values are usually based on individual specimen measurements. 1-11

MIL-HDBK-17-2F Volume 2, Chapter 1 General Information 1-11 TABLE 1.4.2(e) Laminate type test and directions Type Test (in order) Direction Tension Filled Hole Tension (FHT) x-axis xy-plane Compression Filled Hole Compression (FHC) y-axis yz-plane Shear Compression After Impact (CAI) z-axis zx-plane Open Hole Tension (OHT) Bearing Open Hole Compression (OHC) Bearing/Bypass CTE 1.4.3 Individual data tables - normalized data The format for a data table containing normalized material property information is shown in Table 1.4.3(a). Requirements and procedures for normalization are found in Volume 1, Section 2.5.7 and 2.4.3. ➊ Warnings are shown on each page for data sets that do not meet the data documentation requirements. Many of the data sets were submitted before the establishment of the data documentation requirements. Data sets that do not meet the first version of data documentation requirements or the data documentation requirements that were current when the data were submitted will not be considered for B or A data classes. ➋ At the top right corner of each page is a box with a heavy border. This box contains information that identifies the data set, the type of test for which results are shown, specimen orientation, test conditions, and the classes of data. The tape/weave type abbreviations are described for the top right corner of the first summary page (circle-1), Specimen orientation is provided as a lay-up code with the loading direction used as the reference axis. For example, a unidirectional specimen is described as [0]n for 1-axis properties and [90]n for 2- axis properties. Lay-up codes are described in Section 1.6. {Table Number} {Fiber Class}/{Matrix Class} {FAW}-{Tape/Weave Type} - FAW, fiber areal weight {Fiber Name}/{Matrix Name} {Test Type}, {Direction} {Lay-up} {Test Temperature}/{Moisture Content} - repeated for each data column {Data Classes } - includes symbols for all data classes on this page in descending order (from A75 to S). ➌ Material identification is provided for the composite material as {Fiber} {Filament-Count}/{Matrix} {Tape/Weave Type} {Critical processing parameters} This information should be the same as the section title and the material identification on the first page of the summary tables. The range of physical parameters, resin content, fiber volume, ply thickness, composite density, and void content, for the cured material are presented for the data on this particular page. The endpoints of these ranges may not correspond directly as fiber volume, resin content, and so on are generally available as a batch or panel average while the cured ply thickness values are usually based on individual specimen measurements

MIL-HDBK-17-2F Volume 2,Chapter 1 General Information ④ The test method is identified with the organization,number,and date.For compression after im- pact,the nominal impact energy level used for the test is appended to the test method,since al- ternate levels are often used.See Tables 1.4.5-1.4.7 for additional information that describes testing parameters for notched laminates,bearing,and bearing/bypass. 6 The method of calculating the modulus is presented for mechanical property data.This includes the calculation method,and the location or range of measurements used for the calculation.Un- less otherwise stated(in a footnote),the same method and range is used for Poisson's ratio. 6 The normalization method is presented for data that have been normalized(See Volume 1,Sec- tion 2.4.3).The fiber volume to which the data are normalized is also included.This value is typi- cally 60%for carbon-fiber-reinforced unidirectional material (tape)and 57%for carbon-fiber- reinforced fabric.The normalizing fiber volume for all glass-fiber-reinforced material is 50%.Types of normalization as entered are: Normalized by fiber volume to XX%(0.0XXX in.CPT) Normalized by specimen thickness and batch fiber volume to XX%(0.0XXX in.CPT) Normalized by specimen thickness and batch fiber areal weight to XX%fiber volume(0.0XXX in.CPT) Corresponding cured ply thickness(CPT)values,based on a nominal fiber areal weight,are in- cluded for reference for each method. ⑦ At the top of each data column are the test conditions.Nominally dry conditions,for materials that are fabricated and stored under controlled conditions are noted.Wet conditions that are not condi- tioned to equilibrium are also noted.The source code provides a means for identifying data sets from the same source.No other source identification is provided. 8 Specific properties are identified in the tables with symbols.These symbols are a combination of an initial letter with subscripts and super scripts added as appropriate.Components of the prop- erty symbols are shown in Table 1.4.3(b). TABLE 1.4.3(b)Components used to construct property symbols. Initial letter(s) Test type superscripts Property Test descriptor direction superscripts subscripts F-strength t-tension u-ultimate 1,2,3 e-strain c-compression 12,23,31 E-modulus s-shear x,y,Z, G-shear modulus,strain sbs-short beam strength y-yield xy,yz,zx energy release rate oht-open hole tension v-Poisson's ratio ohc-open hole compression CTE-coefficient of thermal fht-filled hole tension expansion cai-compression after impact br-bearing byp-bypass Property symbols are created by combining these components with test type superscripts preced- ing property descriptor super scripts.Thus,the symbol for ultimate tensile strength in the 1 direction is Ftu.The property descriptor superscripts are only used for strength and strain.Ex- ceptions to this rule are strain energy release rates,for example,Gic,and bearing/bypass data where "byp"is used as a subscript for the bypass strength. 1-13

MIL-HDBK-17-2F Volume 2, Chapter 1 General Information 1-13 ➍ The test method is identified with the organization, number, and date. For compression after impact, the nominal impact energy level used for the test is appended to the test method, since alternate levels are often used. See Tables 1.4.5 - 1.4.7 for additional information that describes testing parameters for notched laminates, bearing, and bearing/bypass. ➎ The method of calculating the modulus is presented for mechanical property data. This includes the calculation method, and the location or range of measurements used for the calculation. Unless otherwise stated (in a footnote), the same method and range is used for Poisson's ratio. ➏ The normalization method is presented for data that have been normalized (See Volume 1, Section 2.4.3). The fiber volume to which the data are normalized is also included. This value is typically 60% for carbon-fiber-reinforced unidirectional material (tape) and 57% for carbon-fiberreinforced fabric. The normalizing fiber volume for all glass-fiber-reinforced material is 50%. Types of normalization as entered are: Normalized by fiber volume to XX% (0.0XXX in. CPT) Normalized by specimen thickness and batch fiber volume to XX% (0.0XXX in. CPT) Normalized by specimen thickness and batch fiber areal weight to XX% fiber volume (0.0XXX in. CPT) Corresponding cured ply thickness (CPT) values, based on a nominal fiber areal weight, are included for reference for each method. ➐ At the top of each data column are the test conditions. Nominally dry conditions, for materials that are fabricated and stored under controlled conditions are noted. Wet conditions that are not conditioned to equilibrium are also noted. The source code provides a means for identifying data sets from the same source. No other source identification is provided. ➑ Specific properties are identified in the tables with symbols. These symbols are a combination of an initial letter with subscripts and super scripts added as appropriate. Components of the property symbols are shown in Table 1.4.3(b). TABLE 1.4.3(b) Components used to construct property symbols. Initial letter(s) Test type superscripts Property descriptor superscripts Test direction subscripts F - strength ε - strain E - modulus G - shear modulus, strain energy release rate υ - Poisson's ratio CTE - coefficient of thermal expansion t - tension c - compression s - shear sbs - short beam strength oht - open hole tension ohc - open hole compression fht - filled hole tension cai - compression after impact br - bearing byp - bypass u - ultimate y - yield 1, 2, 3 12, 23, 31 x, y, z, xy, yz, zx Property symbols are created by combining these components with test type superscripts preceding property descriptor super scripts. Thus, the symbol for ultimate tensile strength in the 1 direction is tu F1 . The property descriptor superscripts are only used for strength and strain. Exceptions to this rule are strain energy release rates, for example, G1c, and bearing/bypass data where "byp" is used as a subscript for the bypass strength

MIL-HDBK-17-2F Volume 2,Chapter 1 General Information ⑨ Strength data and strain-to-failure data are presented in the handbook with a full set of statistical parameters.All statistical parameters are presented for normalized and as-measured strength data.All statistical parameters are presented for as-measured strain-to-failure data.Note that the strain values presented are "as measured"and may not be equivalent to stress divided by modulus (linear analyses).The normalized data column is listed first,followed by the measured data column.The data class using the designation from Table 1.4.2(c)is indicated for each prop- erty/condition combination.B-values are presented only for B and A data classes.A-basis values are presented for A data classes.The statistical distribution or method of analysis is presented. The constants,Cn and C2,correspond to the distribution as listed in Table 1.4.3(c). C for the Weibull distribution and C1 and C2 for the Normal distribution have the same units as the property (e.g.,ksi for strength and ue for strain).C2 for the Weibull distribution and C and C2 for the Nonparametric method are dimensionless.For the Lognormal distribution,the units for C1 and C2 are log(property unit).For the ANOVA method,C and C2 are the square of the property units. TABLE 1.4.3(c)Distributions and associated constants. C1 C2 Weibull scale parameter shape parameter Normal mean standard deviation Lognormal mean of the natural log of the data standard deviation of the natural log of the data Nonparametric rank data point(rank) ANOVA tolerance limit factor estimate of the population stan- dard deviation Modulus data are presented with only mean,minimum,maximum,coefficient of variation,batch size,sample size,and data class.Values are presented for both normalized and as-measured data.Where available,Poisson's ratio data are presented with batch size,sample size,and data class information. 0 Footnotes are presented wherever additional information is pertinent.Information frequently pre- sented in footnotes include conditioning parameters,reasons for not presenting B-values,and de- viations from standard test methods. 1.4.4 Individual data tables-unnormalized data Table 1.4.4 shows an example table for material properties that are not normalized.The basic table format and information are identical to the table format and information for normalized data.Only as- measured data are presented in each column of information.The statistical parameters are the same pro- vided for normalized data. 1.4.5 Individual data tables-notched laminate data Table 1.4.5 shows the format for notched laminate data,including data from open and filled hole tests. The numbered circles refer to the notes for Table 1.4.3(a)with the following additional information.Prop- erties in the index box(upper right-hand corner)are abbreviated OHT (open hole tension),OHC (open hole compression),FHT(filled hole tension),and FHC (filled hole compression).The headers and data for fastener type,torque,hole clearance,and countersink angle depth appear only for filled hole tests.The data are normalized according to Volume 1,Section 2.5.7,with the descriptions noted with Table 1.4.3(a). Symbols are described in Tables 1.4.3(b),Open hole tension in the x-axis direction is shown as an ex- ample. 1-14

MIL-HDBK-17-2F Volume 2, Chapter 1 General Information 1-14 ➒ Strength data and strain-to-failure data are presented in the handbook with a full set of statistical parameters. All statistical parameters are presented for normalized and as-measured strength data. All statistical parameters are presented for as-measured strain-to-failure data. Note that the strain values presented are “as measured” and may not be equivalent to stress divided by modulus (linear analyses). The normalized data column is listed first, followed by the measured data column. The data class using the designation from Table 1.4.2(c) is indicated for each property/condition combination. B-values are presented only for B and A data classes. A-basis values are presented for A data classes. The statistical distribution or method of analysis is presented. The constants, C1 and C2, correspond to the distribution as listed in Table 1.4.3 (c). C1 for the Weibull distribution and C1 and C2 for the Normal distribution have the same units as the property (e.g., ksi for strength and µε for strain). C2 for the Weibull distribution and C1 and C2 for the Nonparametric method are dimensionless. For the Lognormal distribution, the units for C1 and C2 are log(property unit). For the ANOVA method, C1 and C2 are the square of the property units. TABLE 1.4.3(c) Distributions and associated constants. C1 C2 Weibull scale parameter shape parameter Normal mean standard deviation Lognormal mean of the natural log of the data standard deviation of the natural log of the data Nonparametric rank data point (rank) ANOVA tolerance limit factor estimate of the population standard deviation Modulus data are presented with only mean, minimum, maximum, coefficient of variation, batch size, sample size, and data class. Values are presented for both normalized and as-measured data. Where available, Poisson's ratio data are presented with batch size, sample size, and data class information. ➓ Footnotes are presented wherever additional information is pertinent. Information frequently presented in footnotes include conditioning parameters, reasons for not presenting B-values, and deviations from standard test methods. 1.4.4 Individual data tables - unnormalized data Table 1.4.4 shows an example table for material properties that are not normalized. The basic table format and information are identical to the table format and information for normalized data. Only asmeasured data are presented in each column of information. The statistical parameters are the same provided for normalized data. 1.4.5 Individual data tables - notched laminate data Table 1.4.5 shows the format for notched laminate data, including data from open and filled hole tests. The numbered circles refer to the notes for Table 1.4.3(a) with the following additional information. Properties in the index box (upper right-hand corner) are abbreviated OHT (open hole tension), OHC (open hole compression), FHT (filled hole tension), and FHC (filled hole compression). The headers and data for fastener type, torque, hole clearance, and countersink angle & depth appear only for filled hole tests. The data are normalized according to Volume 1, Section 2.5.7, with the descriptions noted with Table 1.4.3(a). Symbols are described in Tables 1.4.3(b), Open hole tension in the x-axis direction is shown as an example