Route of drug administration Oral:Easy,usually safe,economical;but- relatively slow,less predictable,has first pass effect,and patient compliance can be an issue Sublingual(buccal):Rapid,no first pass effect, bypasses Gl acids and enzymes;but-many molecules do not penetrate oral mucosa,not suitable for irritating substances Route of drug administration Rectal:Unconscious patients,vomitting patients,small children,minimal first pass effect,bypasses Gl acids and enzymes. However-irregular and incomplete absorption,not used for irritating substances, solutions must be isotonic
• Oral: Easy, usually safe, economical; but – relatively slow, less predictable, has first pass effect, and patient compliance can be an issue • Sublingual (buccal): Rapid, no first pass effect, bypasses GI acids and enzymes; but – many molecules do not penetrate oral mucosa, not suitable for irritating substances Route of drug administration • Rectal: Unconscious patients, vomitting patients, small children, minimal first pass effect, bypasses GI acids and enzymes. However – irregular and incomplete absorption, not used for irritating substances, solutions must be isotonic Route of drug administration
Route of drug administration Drugs'Administration routes then Pulmonary Recta venous route Route of drug administration Intravenous (i.v.):Most rapid response,permits titration of dosage,most suitable for irritating substances and large volumes,lowest intra- individual variability.But-greatest risks,overdose, anaphylaxis,infection,embolism,vascular injury, extravasion Intramuscular(i.m.):Moderate volumes,faster absorption than S.C.But-nt used for irritating substances,sterile abscesses,may interfere with diagnostic tests
Route of drug administration • Intravenous (i.v.): Most rapid response, permits titration of dosage, most suitable for irritating substances and large volumes, lowest intra‐ individual variability. But – greatest risks, overdose, anaphylaxis, infection, embolism, vascular injury, extravasion • Intramuscular (i.m.): Moderate volumes, faster absorption than S.C. But – nt used for irritating substances, sterile abscesses, may interfere with diagnostic tests Route of drug administration