二、环境保护和可持续发展对现 代产业的要求 II. The requests from Environmental protection and sustainable development to modern industry
二、 环境保护和可持续发展对现 代 产业的要求 II. The requests from Environmental protection and sustainable development to modern industry
1,传统产业在“经济-环境-社会”中的地位和作 用 The role and function of traditional industry in economic-environment-society system 产业的角色: 资源消耗者和商品和服务的生产者 Role of industry The consumer of resource and the producer of merchandise and services
1. 传统产业在“经济-环境-社会”中的地位和作 用 The role and function of traditional industry in ‘economic-environment-society’ system ◼产业的角色： 资源消耗者和商品和服务的生产者 ◼Role of industry: The consumer of resource and the producer of merchandise and services
图7 国际能源机构国家的能源需求,1971-1999 (百万吨石油当量) 1400 00 公共电力和热力 1000 洲800 600 运输业 制造业和建筑业 400 住宅 200其它 其它能源产业 197119731975197719791981198319851987198919911993199519971999 a)国际能源机构的26个成员国:除去冰岛、墨西哥、波兰、斯洛 维尼亚的所有经济合作与发展组织国家, 来源:IEA
图6 世界初级能源供应,1970-2020(预测) (百万吨石油当量 百万吨石油当量 6000 5000 石油 4000 c===== 天然气 3000 煤 2000 其它可再生能源 1000 核能 水邮 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 来源:IEA
Aate 1.1 Some examples of environmental chonge hom human activities uman Activity Physical Changes Chemical changes Biologlcal Changes Land and water use fo Deforestation and other Changes to chemical Changes in the viability bousing, agriculture, alterations of landscapes constituents of soils and of plants, fish, animals, and idusty, transportation, (e.g. changes in terain sediments(. g, increased microorganisms due to slope, vegetation coverage, acidity and turbidity of tered habitat and chemical pavement): alteration of waters. removal of nutrients constituents or concentratons waterways(e.g, flooding, from soils) possibly leading to species dams, cbanges in river successon, exhncton channels, drainage of migration, or disease wetlands Emissions or discharge Changes to the built Increases in the concentration Injury or illness to people, of chemical environment(structures of emitted substances in the plants, and animals from to ai, land, and water such as buildings, bridges, air, water, and soil; other exposure to and/or oueen nts, etc. )from chemical changes resulting accumulation of chemicals deposition and from secondary reactions ind their derivatives attack caused by emissions (e.g, ozone buildup in urban such as soot deposits, acid areas) gases, and liquid chemicals