Formulating the message into a Linguistic Plan(pp 198-204) ■ Serial models ■ Parallel models ■ Brief comments
Formulating the Message into a Linguistic Plan (pp.198-204) ◼ Serial models ◼ Parallel models ◼ Brief Comments
Serial models ■ Introduction o Serial models assume that we begin with the overall idea of an utterance, followed by syntactic organization, content words, morphemes, and phonology Slips of the tongue typically involve just one level of planning, with other levels unaffected o There may be a final stage, after the planning of an utterance but before its articulation, that edits the utterance-to-be in a manner not inconsistent with Freuds ideas.(Fromklin 1971, 1975; Garret 1975) a Fromklin's Model of speech Production(p. 198)
Serial models ◼ Introduction ◆ Serial models assume that we begin with the overall idea of an utterance, followed by syntactic organization, content words, morphemes, and phonology. ◆ Slips of the tongue typically involve just one level of planning, with other levels unaffected. ◆ There may be a final stage, after the planning of an utterance but before its articulation, that edits the utterance-to-be in a manner not inconsistent with Freud’s ideas. (Fromklin 1971, 1975; Garret 1975) ◼ Fromklin’s Model of Speech Production (p.198)
Identification of meaning-a meaning to be conveyed is generated Selection of a syntactic structure-a syntactic outline of the sentence is constructed, with word slots specified Generation of information contour-the stress values of different word slots are assigned Insertion of content words- approriate nouns, verbs, and adjectives are retrieved from the lexicon and placed into word slots Formation of affixes and function words- function words(articles, conjunctions, prepositions), prefixes, and suffixes are added Specification of phonetic segments-the sentence is expressed in terms of phonetic segments, according to phonological rules ◆ Covert edi
◆ 6 stages ⧫ Identification of meaning – a meaning to be conveyed is generated. ⧫ Selection of a syntactic structure – a syntactic outline of the sentence is constructed, with word slots specified. ⧫ Generation of information contour – the stress values of different word slots are assigned. ⧫ Insertion of content words – approriate nouns, verbs, and adjectives are retrieved from the lexicon and placed into word slots. ⧫ Formation of affixes and function words – function words (articles, conjunctions, prepositions), prefixes, and suffixes are added. ⧫ Specification of phonetic segments – the sentence is expressed in terms of phonetic segments, according to phonological rules. ⧫ Covert editting processes
Evidence: The vast majority of speech errors contain mistakes at only one level of planning. The 6 stages exist as independent planning units She's already trunked two packs(packed two trunks) co The error here is thought to occur at Stage 4, where the content words she, has, already, trunk, two, and pack are fitted into the outline to Stop beating your brick against a head wall. (Stop beating your head against a brickwall) os The same is true as above Singing sewer machine(Singer sewing machine) to The error is thought to occur at Stage 5, as the suffixes are exchanged for one another
◆ Evidence: The vast majority of speech errors contain mistakes at only one level of planning. The 6 stages exist as independent planning units. ⧫ She’s already trunked two packs (packed two trunks). The error here is thought to occur at Stage 4, where the content words she, has, already, trunk, two, and pack are fitted into the outline. Stop beating your brick against a head wall. (Stop beating your head against a brick wall) The same is true as above. ⧫ Singing sewer machine (Singer sewing machine) The error is thought to occur at Stage 5, as the suffixes are exchanged for one another
Frish gotto fish grotto) co Errors occur at Stage 6-Phonetic segments are independent units in the planning of speech, for if the cluster were a single unit, the entire gr would have been exchanged for f, yielding grish fotto o glear plue shy (clear blue sky) to Errors occur at a sub-stage of Stage 6--Phonetic features are a" psychologically real planning units do The(+voicing) from//in blue has shifted to the/k/in clear: When the voicing feature is lost from b, the result is /p/ when it is added to/k/, the result is /g
⧫ Frish gotto (fish grotto) Errors occur at Stage 6 – Phonetic segments are independent units in the planning of speech, for if the cluster were a single unit, the entire gr would have been exchanged for f, yielding grish fotto. ⧫ glear plue sky (clear blue sky ) Errors occur at a sub-stage of Stage 6 --Phonetic features are a “psychologically real” planning units. The (+voicing) from /b/ in blue has shifted to the /k/ in clear. When the voicing feature is lost from b, the result is /p/; when it is added to /k/, the result is /g/