能量方法 §11-1变形能的普遍表达式 能量原理: 弹性体内部所贮存的变形能,在数值上等于外力所作 的功,即 U=wr 利用这种功能关系分析计算可变形固体的位移、变形 和内力的方法称为能量方法 二、杆件变形能的计算: 1.轴向拉压杆的变形能计算: U2/a或U=∑h比能:=2E N2(x) E A
§11–1 变形能的普遍表达式 一、能量原理： 二、杆件变形能的计算： 1.轴向拉压杆的变形能计算： = L x EA N x U d 2 ( ) 2 = = n i i i i i E A N L U 1 2 2 或 2 1 比能: u = 弹性体内部所贮存的变形能，在数值上等于外力所作 的功，即 U=W 利用这种功能关系分析计算可变形固体的位移、变形 和内力的方法称为能量方法
ENERGYMETHOD 2. Calculation of the strain energy of rods in torsion M(x) UEL 2GI dx or U m4 2G:/ i P Density of the strain energy. =ty 2 3. Calculation of strain energy of rods in bending M2(x) M-L edx or U=∑ 丿L2EⅠ 2E11 Density of the strain energy: u=OE
2. Calculation of the strain energy of rods in torsion： = L P n x GI M x U d 2 ( ) 2 = = n i i Pi ni i G I M L U 1 2 2 2 1 u = 3. Calculation of strain energy of rods in bending： = L x EI M x U d 2 ( ) 2 = = n i i i i i E I M L U 1 2 2 2 1 u = or Density of the strain energy: or Density of the strain energy:
能量方法 2.扭转杆的变形能计算: M(x) UEL 2GI dx或U M 台2Gl Pi 比能:=vy 3.弯曲杆的变形能计算: M2(x) nM U= dx或U=∑ J2EⅠ 台2E1l1 比能:u=oE 2
2.扭转杆的变形能计算： = L P n x GI M x U d 2 ( ) 2 = = n i i Pi ni i G I M L U 1 2 2 或 2 1 比能: u = 3.弯曲杆的变形能计算： = L x EI M x U d 2 ( ) 2 = = n i i i i i E I M L U 1 2 2 或 2 1 比能: u =
ENERGYMETHOD 3 General expressions of the strain energy Strain energy is independent of the order ofloading. Deformations due to mutually independent load may be summed up each other U N(x)1 d x t M(x) d x t M2(x) JL 2EA L2GlnJ2EⅠ Q2(x) dx L 2E4 als-> Deflection factor of shear For slender columns, the strain energy due to shearing forces may be neglected U= N(x x dx+ ndx t M2(x) L 2EAJL GIJL 2EI
3、General expressions of the strain energy： Strain energy is independent of the order of loading. Deformations due to mutually independent load may be summed up each other. For slender columns，the strain energy due to shearing forces may be neglected. x EI M x x GI M x x EA N x U L L P n L d 2 ( ) d 2 ( ) d 2 ( ) 2 2 2 = + + + L x EA Q x d 2 ( ) 2 S S → x EI M x x GI M x x EA N x U L L P n L d 2 ( ) d 2 ( ) d 2 ( ) 2 2 2 = + + Deflection factor of shear
能量方法 三、变形能的普遍表达式: 变形能与加载次序无关;相互独立的力(矢)引起的变形能 可以相互叠加。 0= N(x)1 d x t M(x) d x t M2(x) L 2EA L2GlnJ2EⅠ Q2(x) dx L 2E4 s>剪切挠度因子 细长杆,剪力引起的变形能可忽略不计 U= N(x x dx+ ndx t M2(x) L 2EAJL GIJL 2EI
三、变形能的普遍表达式： 变形能与加载次序无关；相互独立的力（矢）引起的变形能 可以相互叠加。 细长杆，剪力引起的变形能可忽略不计。 + L x EA Q x d 2 ( ) 2 S S → 剪切挠度因子x EI M x x GI M x x EA N x U L L P n L d 2 ( ) d 2 ( ) d 2 ( ) 2 2 2 = + + x EI M x x GI M x x EA N x U L L P n L d 2 ( ) d 2 ( ) d 2 ( ) 2 2 2 = + +