-)血流量和血血流阻力和血压 血流量:单位时间内流过血管某一截面的血量 容积速度 单位:L/min,ml/min Q=(P1-P2)R 血流速度:血液中一个质点在血管内移动的线速度 与血流量成正比, 与血管截面积呈反比
二、血流量、血流阻力和血压 与血管截面积呈反比。 (一)血流量和血流速度 血流量:单位时间内流过血管某一截面的血量. 容积速度. 单位: L/min, ml/min 血流速度:血液中一个质点在血管内移动的线速度. 与血流量成正比, Q =(P1-P2)/R
层流( l aminar flow):血液中每个质 点的流动方向一致。但各质点的流速 不同 湍流( turbulent flow):血液中 各个质点的流动方向不一致 regular Vortices 血流速度快,血管口径大,血液粘滞 低时易产生湍流。 FIGURE 20-2. A, In laminar flow, all elements of the fluid move in streamlines that are parallel to the axis of the ube: no fluid moves in a radial or circumferential direc tion, B, In turbulent flow, various elements of the fluid move irregularly in axial, radial, and circumferential directions
层流(laminar flow):血液中每个质 点的流动方向一致。但各质点的流速 不同. 湍流(turbulent flow):血液中 各个质点的流动方向不一致. 血流速度快,血管口径大,血液粘滞 低时易产生湍流
)血流阻力 血流阻力:血液在血管内流动所遇到的阻力 来源于血液内部质点之间以及血液 质点与管壁之间的摩擦力. Q=(P1-P2)R R=8mL/Tr4 Q=5mL/sec @=10 mL/sec Q=5mL/sec Q=0 D FIGURE 20-3. The flow, Q, of fluid through a tube connecting two reservoirs, R, and Rz, is proportional to the differ. ence between the pressure at the inflow end (P) and the pressure at the outflow end(P)of the tube. A, When R2 is empty, fluid flows from R, to R2 at a rate proportional to the pressure in R,. B, When the fluid level in R, is increased twofold, the flow increases proportionately. C, Flow from R, to R2 is proportional to the difference between the pres sures in R, and R2. D, When pressure in Rz rises to equal the pressure in Ri, flow ceases
血流阻力: 血液在血管内流动所遇到的阻力. 来源于血液内部质点之间以及血液 质点与管壁之间的摩擦力. Q =(P1-P2 )/R R=8L/r4 (二)血流阻力
1 2 2=n1 Q= 10 ml/sec Q2=5mL/sec O3=160 mL/sec Ga=5mU/sec A FIGURE 20-4. The flow, Q, of fluid through a tube is inversely proportional to the length, L, and the viscosity, n, and directly proportional to the fourth power of the radius, r. A, Reference condition: for a given pressure, length, radius, and viscosity, let the flow Q, equal 10 mL/sec. B, If the tube length doubles, flow decreases by 50%. C, If the tube radius doubles, flow increases 16-fold. D, If viscosity doubles, flow decreases by 50% 影响因素: 1.血管口径:口径↑,阻力↓,血流量↑; 2.血液粘滞度:粘滞度↑,阻力↑,血流量↓
影响因素: 1.血管口径: 口径↑,阻力↓,血流量↑ ; 2.血液粘滞度: 粘滞度↑,阻力↑ ,血流量↓
血液粘滞度( blood viscosity) 1.血细胞比容 2.血流的切力( share rate) 牛顿液:匀质液体的粘滯度不随切力的变化而变化; 非牛顿液:非匀质液体的粘滯度随切力的减小而增大 全血。 3.血管口径:在血管口径小于0.3mm时,血液粘滞度 随血管口径减小而降低。 4.温度:随温度的降低而升高;
1.血细胞比容: 血液粘滞度(blood viscosity) 2.血流的切力(share rate): 牛顿液: 匀质液体的粘滞度不随切力的变化而变化; 非牛顿液:非匀质液体的粘滞度随切力的减小而增大 - 全血。 3.血管口径:在血管口径小于0.3mm时,血液粘滞度 随血管口径减小而降低。 4.温度:随温度的降低而升高;